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approaches to psychology - Coggle Diagram
approaches to psychology
learning approaches
behaviourist
classic conditioning
Pavlov was studying digestion using dogs and he realised the dogs would start to drool premptivly when they would watch him prepare their food.
the food is the unconditioned stimulus, the salivating is the unconditioned response then the unconditioned stimulus is paired with a neutral stimulus like a noise. when the neutral stimulus is associated with the unconditioned stimulus it becomes the conditioned stimulus and the salivation becomes the conditioned response.
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everybody is born a blank state all behaviour is learnt from the environment behaviours can be directly observed can be measured. lab based
SLT
bandura
children were asked to watch a video of either an adult of the same gender or a different gender playing either roughly or gently with a bobo doll to see if they would follow the video or play with the bobo doll in a different way
cognative
internal mental processes like memory, perception, attention and problem solving
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computer models
the mind is compared to a computer : input, processing then output
schemas
mental framework based on experience, help to interpret and respond to information quickly. can lead to bias and distorted memory
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biological
key assumptions
verything psychological is first biological: To understand behaviour, we must look at biological structures and processes.
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geneotype vs phenotype
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Phenotype: How those genes are expressed, influenced by the environment.
Example: A person may have a genetic potential for tallness (genotype), but poor nutrition may result in a shorter height (phenotype).
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strengths
Scientific methods: Brain scans, genetic testing, and lab experiments provide reliable data.
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limits
Biological determinism: Suggests behaviour is pre-determined by biology, ignoring free will.
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psychodynamic
assumptions
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Personality is structured into three parts: id, ego, and superego.
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strengths
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Led to psychoanalysis, a new form of therapy.
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humanist
key assumption
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Holism: People should be understood as whole beings, not reduced to parts.
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carl rodgers
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Conditions of worth: When love is conditional (e.g. “I’ll love you if…”), it can hinder personal growth.
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strengths
Holistic: Considers the whole person, not just symptoms.
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