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U4.Arguing your point - Coggle Diagram
U4.Arguing your point
4.1.Saying what you think is important
Vocabulary
recycled-green products-reuse-natural resources-packaging-disposable-biodegrade-sustainable
Expressions
Showing that you care
I make a conscious choice to-I go the extra mile to-I sacrifice other things to
Showing apathy
I won't go out of my way to-I'm not that into the idea of -take it or leave it-I've got more important things to think about
Expressions
having some serious reservations--hard to believe that..-don't buy into the idea that...-put you offf so much...
show that you believe
I take their word for it that -I've got no reason to doubt that-beyond question that...
Showing you trust something
Expressions
like-um-whatever-OK-guys-such and such-I mean-you know-yeah-well
I mean, OK, well or yeah
Turn-taking expressions
let me see, you know, um and like.
Fillers
such and such -whatever-guy
Generic references
4.2. Discussing the limitations of a proposal
Vocabulary
hydropower- soil- petroleum- coal-natural gas-food waste- wind power- solar power
Skills
Breaking down complex words
Sustainability
Sustain (word) - ability
Grammar
Expressing possibilities
IF ….
Will + going to
if they build ugly wind towers in the hills., i’m going to move
Be + ing
If they offer us rebates to install solar panels, I'm doing it!
Will + be
If the government switches from coal to natural gas, I'll be happy.
Could / might/ should
Expressions
Stating conditions
provided that - depending on- as long as- unless
They are okay provided, they are in the valley- they could reduce property value, depending on their location- I’m against it unless the city provides bins
Suggesting things cannot change
Even supposing….- even if - No matter what
There will be pollution even if we use natural gas - even supposing they are in the valley, it won’t work- no matter what we do, birds will die
4.3. Arguing over a complex issue
Vocabulary
Conservation- biodiversity- endangered species- going extinct
Expressions
The most valuable thing about-Think about it- Like it or not- In fact…..- not to mention….- We should also consider
Skills
Engaging your listener
Rhetorical questions
are asked to make a point rather than for an answer. They are used to get listeners thinking about an issue.
What if all the insects died out?
Personalization
Personalization relates a topic to someone's personal life. It can be used to make an abstract concept more concrete.
I know that you hate insects, but we really need them.
Hypothetical statements
put the listener in possible future situations or results. They can stimulate listeners' imaginations.
If there were no insects, humans would die.
Expressions
Let me play devil's advocate- Let's say, just for argument's sake- You could argue that- Another way to look at it is- Let's look at this from another angle.
4.4. Making a persuasive speech
Vocabulary
Human wild life conflict- natural habitats- population explosion- climate change
Skills
Making your speech more formal
Sentence and word length- Phrasal verbs and idioms- Pronunciation
Grammar
Add sentence adverbs
Regrettably- hopefully- interestingly- happily- surprisingly- unfortunately- to my great surprise
Unfortunately, the givernment has refused our request- To my great surprise, dam project was canceled- regrettably, they voted to construct the dam- to my surprise, they canceled the project- surprisingly, the major listened to us