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Diversity maintained, Regular disturbances - flooding, fire, grazing,…

- - - - Are indicator species detectable in the SB? At sites where we know they exist?
        
        How does the seed bank change as we move up the ag intensity gradient? (where disturbance is likely to be more frequent and compounding?)
  - - - Disturbance too frequent = depletes seeds/buds,
        
        Vulnerable to stacked/ compounding disturbances and deep soil disturbance
        
        Agricultural disturbance associated with intensification is often multi-pronged, frequent disturbance
        
        Tillage + sowing improved pasutres, then increased grazing
        
        Soil compaction (machinery and livestock when soil wet)
        
        Drainage, longer more severe drought conditions (subsoil moisture depleted, root systems die)
        
        Repeated grazing, over-grazing , grazing of regrowth
        
        Herbicides, pesticides
        
        Once gone, lack of habitat connectivity/dispersal = unlikely to return
        
        Conditions today may not represent historical conditions that caused species to disappear
        
        Can indicator species be reintroduced to degraded SHW where they no longer occur?
        
        Diversity lost
        
        What can the difference between the SSB and AGV tell us about disturbance freqency?
      - too infrequent = no resources in system to maintain seed/bud bank (light, nutrients)