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How the British ruled early Singapore - Coggle Diagram
How the British ruled early Singapore
problems faced by the British
law and order
simple solution to the problen
improve the size and effectiveness of the police force
Thomas Dunman,first full time police commissioner, reformed the pay and was able to attract more and better people to serve. But his force remained outnumbered when there is riot.
By 1980,the force grew to 2000 strong and became more effective and efficient with the use of motor cars, telephone and radio communication.
types of problem
secret societies
labourers were recruited by secret societies
they are also a source of trouble- organised crimes
helped to grant them protection
local police do not understand them (culture/language) and how to handle them
prostituition
Humans trafficking- girls were tricked into the trade
demands for prostitutes as many were single man labourers working in Singapore
labour abuse
borrowed money from agents and pay agents fees to make their way to singapore
abused by agents- have to work without pay to pay off debts
agents are tempted by huge profit margins,sometimes they will even trick or kidnapped people to work overseas
living conditions was also bad
the voyage itself horrendous,the coolie ship was often seen described as "floating hell."
piracy
solution to labour abuse secret societies and prostitution
william pickering-well versed in chinese dialect and good understanding of the chinese culture
what caused the problem?
An inadequately small police force
Arrival of migrants from different places. Some could be criminals
education
from 1867-1942
gouvernment was not interested in education that does not serve this purpose
chinese education was then run and provided by the Chinese community themselves
expanded based on the needs of the British administration(needed more English speaking clerks
up to 1867
british provided free primary schooling in the malay language very few tamil language schools are none of the chinese
done by christians missionary group and european traders
lack of demand(most are migrants out to make a living and then leave) and funding (the administration does not have enough money)
healthcare
quarantinee centres are laws to prevent chlorera and small pox
despite all these death rate was still higher than birthrate
1867-publickk health department set up-looks into publick health issues such as hygiene(proper sewage system to replace the bucket system cleaning of drains and street reducing overcrowding
over crowding and lack of understanding of the desease led t high mortality rate
non exsitent before 1867-only a few doctors to serve the rich and the britsh administration the inhabitants have no helthcare
lack of facilities
railway to link port to malaysia built
new wharves modern equipment such as fork lift was used
further expanded in the late and early 20th centurys
expand and sifted to new habour(keppel harbour) in 1852 as the one at singapore river became too small with more ships arriving
port facilities