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Quaker Roots - Coggle Diagram
Quaker Roots
Restoration Quakerism 1660-1690
Persecution
Quaker Worship illegal
structures created to support church organisation
13,000 imprisoned
198 transported
338 died
prison or the result of wounds
many emigrated to America
key leaders die
direct revelation tested by the group
denying 'Hat honour' identified members
Robert Barclay
'Apology'
First systematic exposition of Quaker theology
William Penn
establishes Quakerism in America
1682 'Holy Experiment' of Pennsylvania
religious toleration
respect for native people
Quietism 1690-1830
Gathered Remnant
second generation
guarded their particular tradition
disowned if married a non-Quaker
falling numbers
inward looking
a hedge to keep the world out
natural world dangerous, corrupting
avoided arts, music, novels
dress code, plain speaking
social witness
slavery
John Woolman
integrity in business
not allowed to earn academic degrees
many in manufacturing or commerce
Bible read at home
but
rarely used in worship
light of Christ within primary source of inspiration
introduction of:
Elders
increased discipline on members
formal membership
basis for poor relief
Hicksite Rebellion in America 1827
Early Enthusiasms 1647-1660
The most successful of many radical sects
after Civil War, under Cromwell
North of England
often tradespeople, small farms
relatively uneducated
rapid spread
London
Bristol
Individual preachers(loose organisation)
George Fox
emerges as leader
James Nayler
disgraced
'Valiant 60'
spread the message
Margaret Fell
key to growth of movement
Radical beliefs and actions
against established church
The Christ within more important than scripture
against paid Ministry
return to primitive Christianity - salvation available to all
Millenarian belief
against social inequality
refusing deference
hat honour
'thee' & 'thou'
titles
women preachers
seen as Levellers
public witness
acting out 'Signs'
interrupting church services
Witness abroad
Mary Fisher
visited Sultan, Constantinople
Mary Dyer
defied banishment from Massachusetts
hanged