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Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell
Microscopes and Biochemistry
Microscopy
Three parameters
Magnification
Resolution
Contrast
Light microscope 1000×
Electron microscopes
SEM surface
TEM internal
Advanced light microscopy
Fluorescence labeling
Confocal
Cryo-EM
Cell Fractionation
Differential centrifugation separates organelles
Correlates structure and function
Cell Types
Basic features of all cells
Plasma membrane
Cytosol
Chromosomes
Ribosomes
Prokaryotic cells
Nucleoid
No membrane organelles
Small size
Eukaryotic cells
Nucleus double membrane
Membrane organelles
Larger size
Surface area to volume limit size
Nucleus and Ribosomes
Nucleus
Nuclear envelope with pores
Chromatin -> chromosomes
Nucleolus makes rRNA
Ribosomes
Free in cytosol
Bound to rough ER or nuclear envelope
Endomembrane System
Smooth ER
Lipid synthesis
Detoxification
Ca2+ storage
Rough ER
Protein synthesis
Glycoproteins
Vesicles
Golgi apparatus
Cis → trans cisternae
Modify sort package
Lysosomes
Hydrolytic enzymes
Phagocytosis autophagy
Vacuoles
Food
Contractile
Central (plants)
Energy Organelles
Endosymbiont evidence double membrane DNA ribosomes division
Mitochondria
Outer membrane
Inner membrane cristae
Matrix respiration ATP
Chloroplasts
Thylakoids grana
Stroma photosynthesis
Peroxisomes
Oxidation reactions H2O2 -> H2O
Cytoskeleton
Microtubules 25 nm tubulin
Shape tracks mitosis
Centrosome centrioles
Cilia flagella 9+2 dynein
Microfilaments 7 nm actin
Cortex microvilli
Myosin motility streaming
Intermediate filaments
Keratin durable anchoring
Extracellular Structures and Junctions
Plant cell wall cellulose
ECM animal collagen proteoglycan fibronectin integrins
Junctions
Plasmodesmata
Tight junctions
Desmosomes
Gap junctions
Whole-cell integration organelles work together