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CONSEQUENCES OF BULLYING BEHAVIOUR IN EDUCATION :forbidden: - Coggle…
CONSEQUENCES OF BULLYING BEHAVIOUR IN EDUCATION
:forbidden:
COGNITIVE, ACADEMIC & SOCIAL IMPACTS
a) Victims
Poor school attendance due to fear or avoidance
Difficulty concentrating; decline in academic performance
Withdrawal from school or peer activities
b) Bullies
Risk-taking behaviors may disrupt focus and goals
Mixed academic performance; some have social dominance
c) Bully - Victim
Lower academic achievement than victims or bullies alone
Often socially isolated and rejected
HEALTH & PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES
a) Victims
Physical symptoms: headaches, stomachaches, sleep issues
Psychosomatic: fatigue, dizziness, chest pain
Emotional: anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, suicidal ideation
Long-term risk: chronic mental health issues (e.g., PTSD, self-harm)
b) Bullies
Also report somatic complaints (e.g., muscle tension, stomach pain)
More prone to aggressive behavior disorders
Risk of later antisocial behavior or criminality
c) Bully - Victim
Suffer both internalizing and externalizing problems
Most severe health and emotional outcomes
LONG-TERM OUTCOMES
b) Social functioning
Adults who were bullied may struggle with relationships and work
Bullies may face incarceration, job loss, or substance abuse
c) Psychotic symptoms
Victims 2–3 times more likely to report hallucinations/delusions
Bullies up to 4.9% more likely to report psychotic symptoms
a) Mental health
Increased risk of depression, anxiety, self-harm, suicidal ideation in adulthood
Victims of chronic bullying may develop PTSD-like symptoms
NEUROLOGICAL & BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
b) Brain Changes
Altered emotional regulation (example; amygdala activity)
Impaired memory and cognitive flexibility
c) Gene–Environment Interaction
Genetic predispositions + bullying = greater vulnerability
Examples: emotional sensitivity, impulsivity, resilience levels
a) Stress Response Activation
Chronic stress alters cortisol levels and immune response
Linked to inflammation and long-term organ system damage
SOCIAL DYNAMICS & ROLE IMPACT
b) Peer relationships
Victims often become socially marginalized
Bullies may have superficial friendships based on dominance
c) Group Effects
Bullying affects classroom climate, peer trust, cooperation
Toxic environments can normalize aggressive behaviors
a) Bystanders
Experience emotional conflict, anxiety, and guilt
Powerless to act; may feel complicit or traumatized
RESEARCH GAPS & RECOMMENDATIONS
Need for longitudinal studies to determine long-term brain and social effects
Better understanding of bully–victim subgroup dynamics
Impact on bystanders is under-researched
Need for multi-level prevention (family, school, policy)
Call for more gene–environment interaction studies