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CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES - Coggle Diagram
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
HYPERTENSION
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FORMS
Essential (or primary) hypertension (95%): which has no identifiable cause. It may be due to genetic, environmental or diet (salt).
Secondary hypertension (5%): which is caused by pregnancy or other disorders such as artherosclerosis, pheochromocytoma and renal diseases.
Malignant hypertension: which develops quickly and reaches critical levels that can trigger lethal complications, such as cerebral edema.
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ARRYTHMIA
ARRYTHMIA is defined as any change from the normal sequence of electrical impulses, causing abnormal heart rhythms.
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ANGINA PECTORIS
Angina pectoris literally means chest pain and is a symptom of a condition called myocardial ischemia.
This usually happens because of the coronary artery (artery that supplies blood to the heart muscles) blocking or narrowing causing insufficient blood supply of the heart muscle (myocardium) called ischemia.
FORMS OF ANGINA
Classical/Typical Angina
The lumen size of the coronary arteries is greatly diminished due to build-up of atherosclerotic plaque.
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CONGESTIVE
HEART FAILURE
FORMS
Systolic dysfunction: The ventricles are dilated and unable to develop adequate wall tension to eject significant quantity of blood.
Diastolic dysfunction: The ventricular wall is thickened and unable to relax properly during diastole and as a result ventricular filling is impaired because of which output is low.
The heart can no longer pump enough blood to the rest of the body characterized by impaired ventricular performance, exercise intolerance, a high incidence of ventricular arrhythmias, and shortened life expectancy.
As the heart's pumping action is lost, blood may back up into other areas of the body
Right-sided heart failure (liver, the gastrointestinal tract and extremities)
Left-sided heart failure (lungs)
CAUSES
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PHYSICAL HABITS (advance age, overweight,
diabetes, smoking, alcohol, cocaine)
DYSLIPIDEMIA
Pathological Implications:
High levels of cholesterol and triglycerides contribute to atherosclerotic heart disease and related disorders.
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Hypercholesterolemia:
Specifically refers to high cholesterol levels and is linked to atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and other vascular conditions.
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