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Chapter 8 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - The capacity to cause change or do work.
      - Types of Energy:
      - Kinetic energy – motion.
      - Thermal energy – movement of atoms (heat is energy in transfer).
      - Potential energy – stored energy due to position.
      - Chemical energy – potential energy in chemical bonds.
    - - 1st Law: Energy cannot be created or destroyed. (Conservation of energy)
        2nd Law: Every energy transfer increases entropy (disorder).
      - ΔG = ΔH – TΔS
        
        ΔH: Enthalpy (total energy)
        
        T: Temperature (Kelvin)
        
        ΔS: Entropy
        
        -ΔG = spontaneous, ΔG ≥ 0 = nonspontaneous
- - - - Active Site: Where substrate binds.
      - Substrate: Reactant in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction.
      - Enzyme-Substrate Complex: Temporary binding during a reaction.
      - Saturation: All enzymes occupied—can speed up reaction only by adding more enzyme.