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Tawheed: Oneness; there is no equal or higher than God (monotheistic…
Tawheed: Oneness; there is no equal or higher than God (monotheistic outlook)
Beliefs
Shirk: Gravest sin in Islam of not seeing God as the highest and the one;
Theocracy: System of government where religious leaders rule in the name of a divine principle; not unique to Islam
Five Pilars of Islam
Zakat: Donating part of wealth to those in need
Sawm: Fasting during Ramadan
Salat: Performing five rituals a day
Hajj: Pilgrimage to Mecca if physically able to
Shahadah: COnfession of faith and declaring the belief of Tawheed
Theology
Quran: Holy book; literal word of God to Mohammad
Mohammad: Ultimate prophet of Islam; received revelation of Quran from God
Gabriel: Angel who conveyed God's word to Mohammad
Abu Bakr: Caliph after Mohammad’s death
Mecca: Holiest city in Islam; place of Mohammad's birth
Medina: City where Mohammad migrated and established first Muslim community; site of burial
People of the Book: Term fro Jewish people and Christians; receivers of early revelations
Hadith: Sayings and actions of Mohammad; second to Quran
Al-Kitab: "The Book"; refers to Quran and sometimes other scriptures
Sharia: Islamic law derived from the Quran, Hadith, and Fiqh.
Fiqh: Scholarly interpertation
Branches
Sunni: largest branch; believe leadership should go to the most capable
Shia: Branch that believes that leadership should stay within the Prophet’s family, particularly through Ali and direct family
Sufism: Branch that focuses on spiritual closeness to God and purification
Jihad: "Struggle in the path of God"
Greater Jihad: Internal struggle against sin
Lesser Jihad: External struggle of sin
