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Jesus: Central figure; Son of God and the Messiah; crucified to protect…
Jesus: Central figure; Son of God and the Messiah; crucified to protect humanity
People
Mary: Mother of Jesus; Virgin Mary in Catholic and Orthodox traditions (symbolizes purity)
John the Baptist: The one who baptized Jesus; prepped the way to ministry
Paul of Tarsus: spread Christianity to Gentiles; authored many New Testament writings
Gospels (texts)
Canonical Gospels: First 4 books in the New Testament
Synoptic Gospels (Mark, Matthew, and Luke): Similar viewpoints; often studied together
Mystical Gospel (John): Emphasized divine nature and mystical ideas related to Jesus
Non-Canonical Gospels
Gospel of Thomas: Sayings attributed to Jesus; emphasize unknown knowledge
Gospel of Mary Magdalene: By Mary Magdalene; showing her special insight into Jesus' teachings
Gospel of Judas: Depicts Judas as a disciple who betrayed Jesus because he had asked
Gospel of Peter: Unique account of resurrection
Branches
Protestant: Separate from Roman Catholic Church; follows principles of the Reformation
Protestant Reformation: 16th century movement that challenged Catholic church
Luther: German Monk; 95 Theses criticized Church abuse
Calvin: French theologian who made Reformed theology
Eastern Orthodox: Centered in Eastern Europe and the Middle East; emphasize tradition
Core Beliefs and People
Original Sin: Inherited guilt from Adam and Eve’s mistake in Eden
Apostolic Succession: Belief that Church power is passed from the apostles through bishops
Trinity: God exists as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit in one essence
Council of Nicea: defined the Trinity and the Nicene Creed
Gnostic Christianity: early Christian movement emphasizing secret knowledge for salvation
Salvation: Freedom from sin
Marcion: rejected the Old Testament and focused on Jesus
Crusades: Military campaigns by Western Christians to the Holy Land from Muslim rule
