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t Statistic- used to test hypothesis about an unknown population mean when…
t Statistic- used to test hypothesis about an unknown population mean when the value of sample standard deviation is unknown
estimated standard error- used as an estimate of the actual standard error when the value of 's' is unknow
shift to variance
sample variance is unbiased, provides an accurate and unbiased estimate of the population variance
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degrees of freedom- describes the number4 of scores in a sample that are independent and free to vary
t Distribution- the complete set of t values computed for every possible random sample for a specific sample size or a specific degree of freedom, approximates the shape of a normal distribution
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Measuring Effect size for the t statistic- Cohen's d- measure of effect size in terms of the population mean difference and the population standard deviation
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percentage of variance accounted for by the treatment- how much the variability is reduced when the treatment effect is removed
Confidence intervals for estimating the mean an interval or range of values centered around a sample statistic
logic is that a sample statistic should be relatively near to the corresponding population parameter
construction of a confidence interval begins with the observation that every sample mean has a corresponding t value defined by the equation
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