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CPTE-100 Computer Concepts - Coggle Diagram
CPTE-100
Computer Concepts
Software
Definition
- Programs form the software that sets up a computer to do a specific task
Types
Application Software
Definition
- A set of computer programs that helps a person carry out a task
Desktop
Program
Definition
- The instructions that tell a digital device how to carry out processing tasks
Stores Program
Definition
- That a series of instructions for a computing task can be loaded into a computer's memory
Executable File
Definition
- Contains a computer program that is carried out step by step
Mobile
App
Definition
- Designed for a handheld device, such as a smartphone, tablet computer
Local Application
Definition
- Installed on a computer's hard disk
Default Application
Definition
- Software application associated with a specific file type
Application Extensions
Definition
- With applications names that end in .dll or .exe
MacOS - end in DMG
Uninstall Utility
Definition
- Deletes the software's files from various folders on your computer's hard disk
System Software
Definition
- To help the computer system monitor itself in order to function efficiently
Operating System (OS)
User Interface
Definition
- Visual experience as well as the keyboard, mouse, microphone, or touchscreen that collects user commands
Kernel
Definition
- Essential operating system services, such as memory management and file access
Resource
Definition
- Component ( CPU, GPU, Memory, Storage ) that is required to perform work
Processes
Definition
- Programs that compete for the attention of a device's microprocessor
Kinds
Desktop / Laptop / All-in-One
Linux
MacOS
Microsoft Windows
Virtual Machines
Server
Linux Server
Windows Server
Mobile
iOS
Jailbreak
Definition
- Unauthorized modifications to apple devices
Android
Rooting
Definition
- Process of making unauthorized modifications to any mobile device
Chrome OS
Device Letter
Definition
- Storage devices can be identified by this
Disk Partition
Definition
- Section of a hard disk drive that is treated as a separate storage unit
Files
File-Naming Conventions
Definition
- When saving a file, you must provide a valid file name that adheres to specific
Directory
Definition
- Every storage device has a directory containing a list of its files
Root Directory
Subdirectory / Folder
File Path
1 more item...
Definition
- Subdivided into smaller lists
Definition
- "Main/top directory"
Definition
- File management utilities
Development Tools
Definition
- Are used for creating software applications, Web sites, operating systems, and utilities
Learning Management Systems
Definition
- Web-based training and commutation tools
Mobile Health (mHealth)
Definition
- Health care professionals using mobile devices to access records
Internet
Definition
- Global collection of linked computers
Web Application
Definition
- software that is accessed with a Web browser
VOIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)
Definition
- Is a technology that uses a broadband Internet connection instead of telephone landlines to place voice and video calls
Network
Definition
- Collection of connected computers sharing resources
Restoring
Definition
- Reverting all settings to their default
System Requirements
Definition
- Operating system and minimum hardware capacities necessary for a software product to work correctly
Software Upgrade
Definition
- New version or edition of a software product is released
Software Update
Definition
- Sometimes called a software patch, is a small section of program code that replaces part of the software currently installed
Patch
Definition
- Software fix for a program's vulnerability
Licensing
EULAs (End User License Agreements)
Definition
- License agreement, is a legal contract that defines the ways in which a computer may be used
Public Domain Software
Definition
- Refers to the status of works with expire copyrights or whose creators have forfeited their copyright
Proprietary Software
Definition
- Restrictions on its use that are delineated by copyright, patents, or license agreements
Commercial Software
Definition
- Usually distributed from the software publisher's Website or from an app store
Single-User License
Definition
- That limits use to one person at a time
Site License
Definition
- Priced at a flat rate and allows software to be used on all computers at a specific location
Multiple-user license
Definition
- Priced per copy and allows the allocated number of copies to be used simultaneously
Freeware
Copyrighted software that is available for free. Very limited version
Demoware
Definition
- Is proprietary software available as a trial version
Product Activation
Definition
- Protecting software from illegal copying by requiring users to enter a product key or an activation code
Hash Value
Unique Number created when the version of the program was created
Open Source Software
Definition
- Available to programmers who want to modify and improve the software
Pirated Software
Definition
- Software that is illegally copied and sold
Creative Commons License
Definition
- Five rights that have copyright holders can grant or deny to others
Digital Literacy
Definition
- Understanding technology and its applications
Digital Citizen
Definition
- an educated and productive member of the digital world
Online Social Network / Social Media / Social Networking Service / Online Services
Definition
- Is an online community where users can share their interests, ideas, stories, photos, music, and videos with other registered users
Social Media Honeycomb
Presence
The extent to which users know if others are available
Sharing
The extent to which users exchange, distribute, and receive content
Conversations
The extent of communication
Groups
The extent to which users are connected into communities
Reputation
The extent to which users know the social standing of others
Risks
Mistakes
Definition
- Content that could be misinterpreted; these can affect public opinion of you
Defamation
Definition
- Communicating false statements that damage the reputation of another individual
Impersonation
Definition
- Deliberately using the name or avatar of another person without his or her consent
Doppelgangers
Definition
- Two or more online personas with the same name or username
Relationships
The extent to which users relate to each other
Identity / Online Identity
Definition
- The extent to which users reveal themselves. A person's presence on a social media
Social Media Profile
Definition
- The set of information provided to friends, contacts, and the public
Generic Profile Image
Definition
- Those who do not upload a personal photo
Tagline
Definition
- A short, public viewable
Big Data
Definition
- Term that refers to the large and complex data sources
Data Mining
Definition
- The process of sifting through Big Data to find the important questions that will yield fruitful results
Digital Divide
Definition
- Is the gap between those who have access to technology
Intellectual Property
Definition
- All of the creations that materialize from the mind or intellect are considered
Trademark
Definition
- Any word, name, symbol, or design used in commerce to identify and distinguish the goods of one company from those of another
Copyright
Definition
- Form of legal protection that grants the author of an original work an exclusive right to copy, distribute, sell, and modify that work
Fair use
Definition
- The limited use of copyrighted material without obtaining permission from the copyright holder
Derivative Work
Definition
- Modifies a copyrighted work but does not substantially change its content or purpose
Transformative Work
Definition
- Repackages a copyrighted work to add new meaning or produce a work
Copyleft
Definition
- Designed to make a work freely available for distribution and modification under the condition that all derivative works use the same license
Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI)
Definition
- Repetitive and long-term usage of devices
Technology Addiction
Definition
- When a user is obsessed with using a device and has anxiety when not using the device
Hardware
Definition
- Anything device that is Physical
Smart Devices
Definition
- IoT- enabled devices that communicate via the Internet
Smart appliances
Definition
- modern refrigerators, washing machines, and other appliances that are controlled by integrated circuits called microcontrollers that combine sensors with processing circuitry
Microcontrollers
Gather information about the device's surroundings and processes that data
Embedded Computers
Definition
- Specific function within larger products
Green Computing
Definition
- Reducing environmental impact of technology
Convergence
Definition
- Integration of technology inito various devices
3-D printers
Definition
- manufacture skin for burn patients, as well as prosthetic devices and casts
Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM)
Definition
- Streamlining production processes a device that maintains power to computer equipment
Protection
Surge Suppressor
Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)
Definition
- Streamlining production processes a device that maintains power to computer equipment
Risks
Types of Risks
Blackout
Definition
- Complete loss of power
Brownout
Definition
- Reduced voltage supply
Spike
Definition
- Sudden increase in voltage
Surge
Definition
- Temporary overvoltage
Noise
Definition
- Electrical interference in signals
Router
Wireless Routers
Definition
- Is a device that connects two or more networks and directs, or routes, the flow of information along the networks
Hub
Definition
- Is a device that provides a central point for cables in a network and transfers all data to all devices
Switch
Definition - Is similar to a hub in that it provides a central point for cables in a network
Modem
Definition
- Is a communications device that connects a communications channel, such as the Internet
Cable
Definition
A cable modem sends and receives digital data over a cable TV connection
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
Definition
- A DSL modem uses existing standard copper telephone wiring to send and receive digital data
Fiber
E-Waste
Definition
- is electronic waste from discarded digital devices
Sustainable Electronics Management (SEM)
Definition
- Promotes e-waste reduction
Oleophobic
Definition
- coating designed to repel oils from fingertips
Mac Address
Definition
- A unique hardware identifier for your computer or device
Computer
Definition
- Electronic device operating under instructions. A device that Accepts data, processes it, and produces information
History
Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC)
Universal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC)
Apple II
Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak of Apple Computer Corporation
Components / Computer Chips
(CPU) - Central Processing Unit
Processing Core
Definition
- A unit on the processor with the circuitry necessary to execute instuctions
Multi-Core Processor
Definition
- A microprocessor that contains circuitry for more than one processing unit/core
Clock Speed / Gigahertz (GHz) / Microprocessor Clock
Definition
- The speed at which it can execute instructions
Cycle / Machine Cycle
Definition
- smallest unit of time a process can measure
Instructions per cycle
Definition
- Efficiency of a CPU
Benchmark
Definition
- A test to determine processor speed and other performance factors
Types
x86
ARM
History
Intel Corporation is one of the world's largest chipmakers
Intel's 8088 processor powered the original IBM PC
RAM (Random Access Memory) / Computer Memory
Definition
- Stores instructions and data (Programs)
It is Volatile
Temp Space on System Storage
Swap File (Windows)
Paging File (MacOS)
Storage devices / Hard Drive / Storage Media / Storage Medium
Internal
External
Definition
- Refers to outside factors or influences
External Hard Drive
Definition
- Portable storage device that connects via USB or other interfaces
Backup
Importance
Safeguarding data
Types
Full Backup
Incremental Backup
External Devices
Definition
- Peripheral devices connected to a computer
Types
Printers
Definition
- Produces hard copies of documents
Scanners
Definition
- Converts paper documents into digital format
Monitors
Definition
- Displays visual output from a computer
Connectivity
USB
Definition
- Universal connection standard for devices
Bluetooth
Definition
- Wireless technology for short-range communication
External Security
Definition
- Measure to protect data and devices from external threats
Types
Firewalls
Definition
- Monitor and control incoming and outgoing network traffic
Antivirus Software
Definition
- Detects and removes malicious software
External Power Sources
Definition
- Alternate power supply options for devices
Types
Power Banks
Definition
- Portable battery chargers for devices
Solar Chargers
Definition
- Utilize solar energy to charge electronic devices
External Collaboration Tools
Definition
- Tools that facilitate interaction and project management
Examples
Video Conferencing
Definition
- Applications for virtual meetings (e.g. Zoom, Skype)
Project Management Software
Definition
- Tools for planning and tracking project progress (e.g. Trello, Asana)
It is NON-Volatile
Types
Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
Magnetic storage
Hard disk platter
Read-write head
Solid-State Drive (SSD)
Optical Media
Definition
- Laser technology for storage and playback
Memory Cards
Cloud Storage
Definition
- Involves storing electronic files on a remote server connected to the internet
Writing
Definition
- Is the process of transferring data to a storage medium
Reading
Definition
- Is the process of transferring these items from a storage medium into memory
Capacity
Definition
- Is the number of bytes (characters) a storage medium can hold
Kilobyte (KB)
Megabyte (MB)
Gigabyte (GB)
Terabyte (TB)
Transfer Rate
Definition
- Transfer rates for storage are stated in KBps, MBps, and GBps. The "ps" stands for "per second"
Input and Output Devices (I/O)
Input
Definition
- Is whatever is typed, submitted, or transmitted to a computer like Mouse, Keyboard, Webcam, Scanner
Output
Definition
- Is the result produced by a computer like sound, graphics, Printer paper
Peripheral devices
Definition
- Need installation directly to your device through a port
Wireless Device
Definition
- A device that does not need to be physically connected
Device Driver
Definition
- Is a program that allows your computer or device to issue controls to a separate device
Plug-and-Play
Definition
- Devices will begin functioning properly as soon as they are connected
ROM (Read Only Memory)
Definition
- A type of memory circuitry that is housed in a single integrated circuit on the system board
Boot Loader
Definition
- Contains a small set of instructions and data that tells a digital device how to start
Motherboard / System Board
Definition
- Many electronic components, such as the processor and memory, attach to the motherboard; others are built into it
IPOS Model
Input
Process
Output
Store
Types
Supercomputers
Mainframe
Form Factor / System Unit
Laptop/Notebook
Ultrathin Laptop
Desktop
All-In-One
Mobile Device
Smartphone
Tablet
Slate Tablet
Convertible Tablet
E-Reader
eBook
Activity Tracker
Smartwatch
Gaming Devices
Game Console
Handheld Game
Server
Definition
- A powerful, high-capacity computer; it stores files and "servers" them, that is, makes the files available to users
CyberSecuirty
Definition
- Practices, processes, and technologies used to protect devices, networks and programs
Privacy
Definition
- Right to be left alone
Identity Theft
Definition
- Using personal information for fraud
Risks
Dumpster diving
Phishing
Change of address form
Pretexting
Stealing
Data mining
Sockpuppets
Definition
- Any online identity created and used for purposes of deception
Netiquette
Definition
- Rules of acceptable online behavior
Acceptable Use Policies (AUPs)
Definition
- Guidelines for using digital resources
Plagiarism
Definition
- Copying someone else's work without giving credit
Cyberbullying
Definition
- Harmful online behavior towards individuals
Cybercrime / Computer Crime
Definition
- Internet-based illegal acts, such as distributing malicious software or committing identity theft
Nation-state Actors / State actor
Definition
- attackers are employed by the government to launch computer attacks against their enemies
Cyberwarfare
Definition
- An attack whose goal ranges from disabling a government's computer network to crippling a country
Cyber Extortionist / Threat actor / Cybercriminal
Definition
- An individual who threatens to expose confidential in formation, exploit a security flaw, or launch an attack. General and common term used to describe individuals who launch attacks against other users and their computers. Cyber-related tasks for financial gain
Script kiddies
Definition
- Individuals who want to attack computers with little knowledge of the tools being used or the attack being used
Hacker
Definition
- A person who intends to access a computer system without permission
Hacktivists
Definition
- Attackers who are strongly motivated by principles or beliefs
Cracker
Definition
- Someone who accesses a computer or network illegally but has the intent of destroying data, stealing information, or other malicious action
Cyberterrorists
Definition
- Attack a nation's computer network like the electrical power grid, to cause disruption and panic among citizens
Broker
Willing to sell knowledge of vulnerability
Social Engineering
Definition
- A category of attack that attempts to trick the victim into giving valuable information to the attacker
Principles
Authority
Directed by someone impersonating authority figure or falsely citing their authority
Intimidation
To frighten and coerce by threat
Consensus
Influenced by what others do
Urgency
Immediate action is needed
Familiarity
Victim well-known and well-received
Trust
Help a person known to you
Scarcity
Something is in short supply
Dark Web
Definition
- Part of the web that is accessed using specialized software, where users and website operators can remain anonymous while performing illegal actions
General "Risks"
Definition
- Any possibility that something might occur resulting in an injury or a loss
Digital Security Risk
Definition
- Any event or action that could cause a loss of or damage to computer or mobile device hardware, software, data, information, or processing capability
Types
Information
Physical Health
Mental Health
Digital Detox
Definition
- A period of time during which an individual refrains from using technology
Environment
Digital Forensics, or Cyber Forensics
Definition
- The discovery, collection, and analysis of evidence found on computers and networks.
Digital Forensics Examiner
Definition
- Knowledge of the law, technical experience with many types of hardware and software products
Malware
Payload
Destructive Event
Prank
Attacks Types
Adware
Ransomware
Rootkit
Spyware
Trojan Horse
Virus
Worm
Keylogger
DoS attack
Definition
- Type of attack usually on a server, that is meant to overload the server with network traffic so that it cannot provide necessary services
Back Door
Definition
- A program or set of instructions in a program that allows users to bypass security controls
Spoofing
Definition
- A technique intruders use to make their network or Internet transmission appear legitamate
Phishing
Typo Squatting
Botnets
Botnet
Zombie
Bot
Definition
- Program that performs a repetitive task on a network
Definition
- Zombie army, is a group of compromised computers or mobile devices connected to a network that are used to attack other networks
Data Protection
Backup
Full Backup
Differential Backup
Incremental Backup
Continuous Data Protection
Cloud Data Privacy
Personal Risks
Business Risks
Authentication
Definition
- The process of ensuring that the person requesting access to a resource is authentic
Password
Weak
Definition
- Short, or uses a common word, predictable sequence or personal information
Strong
Definition
- Long, and contains a mix of letters, numbers, and symbols
Password manager
Stores passwords in a file
Multi-factor Authentication (MFA)
Definition
- After entering a password, a code is sent to the smartphone
Biometrics
Definition
- The unique characteristics of a body part used for authentication
Fingerprint
Face
Eye
Antimalware Software
Definition
- Can combat various malware attacks to protect files
Difficulties
Universally Connected Devices
Scan and Attack
Attack Sophistication
User Confusion