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3.4 Strategies to respond to disasters - Coggle Diagram
3.4 Strategies to
respond
to disasters
Search and rescue efforts
important & immediate life-saving response to a disaster.
involve finding & saving survivors trapped in buildings / disaster zones.
aim to rescue the largest no. of people in the shortest time with minimal risk to rescuers.
having skilled rescuers & special equipment (heat sensors + listening devices) -> reduce time taken to locate and evacuate survivors.
☠ without this, the survivors would otherwise die from:
injuries
crush syndrome
dehydration
burns / other conditions
:star: 2020 Aegean Sea, Turkey earthquake (Mw 7.0) -> more than 8,000 search, rescue & first aid teams were deployed -> over 106 people were rescued
Timely evacuation
: involves moving people away from areas at risk of hazards as quickly as possible to safer locations to reduce loss of lives
Earthquakes
:warning: Buildings and infrastructure may collapse
people need to be evacuated quickly from buildings to open spaces -> avoid getting trapped under collapsed buildings.
:no_entry: Powerful aftershocks can occur soon after an eq
buildings & structures already weakened from initial shaking may collapse due to aftershocks
trapping people who are still in them.
:red_cross: Basic services may be disrupted
people need to be evacuated to temporary shelters where food, water, medical supplies are provided
Tsunami waves
:silhouettes: People need to be evacuated to higher ground & away from the coast 🌊
:star: 2011 Tohoku Japan eq (Mw 9.0)
nearly all 3,000 students in Kamaishi city survived
students were evacuated to higher ground immediately after the eq struck
saving them from the tsunami caused by the eq.
Volcanic eruptions
:explode: Lahars, pyroclastic flows, lava flows & tephra can cause loss of lives
people need to be evacuated from the danger zone around the volcano.
:star: 2010 Mount Merapi eruption
after a warning of its imminent eruption was issued by scientists, Indonesia's authorities organised massive evacuation efforts
comprised >700 evacuation centres
credited for saving >10,000 lives.
Provision of basic social & psychosocial services to affected communities
Water + Food
💧 After disasters:
water shortages
ground shaking can rupture water pipes -> cutting off or contaminating water supplies.
volcanic ash can pollute water sources (rivers)
clean water -> prevent dehydration or water-borne diseases [due to contaminated sources of water].
🍕 Food shortages
no access to food due to shop closures & damage to crops.
available food may not be safe for consumption.
frozen food may turn bad due to damaged storage equipment.
food -> prevent hunger & starvation 😋
:star: 2010 Haiti earthquake (Mw 7.0)
water supply was disrupted in the capital city Port-au-Prince.
the International Committee of the Red Cross provided water supply for 12,000 ppl by trucking water into Port-au-Prince daily.🤝
:star: 2017 Mount Agung eruption in Indo
stakeholders (government + international NGOs) provided food for >75,000 evacuees ❣
Psychosocial services
💔 Great emotional distress due:
severe injuries
loss of family members & friends
homelessness
loss of livelihoods
many survivors need counselling from mental health experts to come in terms with the disaster & rebuild their lives for the future.
psy. services help survivors cope with psychological trauma ts last for a long time after the disaster.
:star: 2018 Palu, Indo earthquake (Mw 7.5)
volunteer groups focusing on mental health worked with children to help them deal with the trauma of losing their families & homes. 🙏
Healthcare
🚑 Disrupted due to damage to hospitals
providing access to medicine, doctors, and hospitals can prevent the spread of diseases & save the lives of the injured.
:explode: 2018 Fuego eruption in Guatemala
World Vision (an international charity) provided 30,000 boxes of medical supplies & 1,000 hygiene kits to affected communities.
