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Tour of the Cell - Coggle Diagram

- - - - skin, heart muscle, uterus
  - - - heart muscle, smooth muscle, embryonic tissues
  - - - cytoplasmic channels for transport and signaling
        
        plant tissues leaves, stems, roots
- - - - Good for living cells
    - - High-detail, dead cells
  - - - Uses centrifugation to study parts of the cell
      - Lab process to isolate organelles
        
        Suprenant
        
        Pellet
- - - - No nucleus
      - DNA in nucleoid
      - No Membrane bound
      - EX bacteria
    - - Has Nucleous & organlles
      - Membrane Bound
      - EX Animials,Fungi,Plants,Protist
    - - Nuclelus,Contains DNA; command center
        
        Nucleolus,Makes ribosomes
        
        Chromatin,DNA + proteins
        
        Genetic Process
        
        Transcription: DNA → mRNA
        
        RNA Processing
        
        DNA Replication
        
        Ribosomes, Protein synthesis hubs
      - Endomembrane system
        
        Rough ER Protein production (has ribosomes)
        
        Smooth ER Lipid synthesis; detoxification
        
        Vesicles Transport materials
        
        Golgi Apparatus Modifies, packages proteins
        
        Lysosomes Enzyme sacs that break down waste
        
        Plasma Membrane Selective barrier; lipid bilayer
        
        Peroxisomes
      - Energy Organelles
        
        Mitochondria Powerhouse; makes ATP
        
        Endosymbiont Theory
        
        Mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from free-living prokaryotes
        
        Engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells
        
        Evidence: Double membranes, their own DNA, ribosomes, and replication
        
        Chloroplasts (plants) Photosynthesis
      - Support and movement
        
        Cytoskeleton Structure and transport
        
        Microfilaments (Actin + Myosin) EX muscle cells
        
        Contraction and movement
        
        Intermediate Filaments,Support under stress EX Skin cells, Keratin
        
        Microtubules,Shape and highway for transport
        
        Cilia & Flagella Movement,anchored by Basal Bodies EX Sperm tail
      - Other components
        
        Cytoplasm Jelly-like internal fluid
        
        Cell Wall (Plants)
        
        Primary Wall,Flexible and thin
        
        Secondary Wall Rigid,added later
        
        Pectin-rich glue between cells
        
        Vacuole Water and waste storage in plants
      - Extracellular Components
        
        Extracellular Matrix (ECM) Support network outside animal cells
        
        Made of collagen, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins
        
        Anchors to integrins on the plasma membrane
        
        Provides structure, communication, and signaling