Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Cells - Coggle Diagram
Cells
DNA
Nucleus
Maintains integrity of DNA, regulates expression of genes, produces ribosomal subunits
Nuclear envelope
double membrane structure, nuclear pours, is site of rna synthesis and allows communication
Nucleolus
Spherical and dark bodied, within nucleus, not membrane bound, site of rna synthesis and initial rna assembly
DNA structure
double helix wrapped around histones to form chromatin, chromatin folds into chromosome,
-
Translation terms
Initiation
Occurs in ribosome, tRNA reads mRNA and recruits specific amino acids
-
Termination
specific stop mRNA sequence signifying end of translation process, protein is fully formed
Molecules
Oxygen, Carbon, and Hydrogen in all molecules
Carbs are organic molecules containing carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen, monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides
Lipids, organic molecule containing carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen: fats, oils, and waxes
Proteins are organic molecues that contain carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen
Nucleic acid contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, complex,
Cell differentiation
Fertilized ovum, single cell totipotent
Embryotic stem cell, form most cell types in the body
Adult stem cell, has limited differentiation capacity
Induced pluripotent stem cell, formed in lab, made from somatic cells
Cellular communication
Ligand
Ligand is complementary to receptor, extracellular molecule secreted by signal cell, bind to target cell
Hydrophobic Ligand: cross plasma membrane, steroid hormones
-
Receptor
Receptor ion channel: on binding changes shape, channel opens, ions flow into cell, alter intracellular composition
Enzyme linked receptor: coupled to enzyme, enzyme activation, chemical reaction, message relayed to other enzyme
-
Intracellular receptor: forms ligand receptor complex, binds DNA, alters transcription and translation
Cellular signaling
Gap junction: communication channels, porons protein tunnels, directly links plasma membrane
-
-
-
Plasma membrane
Protection and communication, maintains chemical composition of cytoplasm and extracellular environment, selectively permeable, phospholipid bi-layer
Plasma membrane proteins
-
Glycolipid, lipid with carb attached
-
Integral membrane protein, through the membrane
-
-
-
-
-
Receptor proteins, bind ligan molecules with complementary structure
-
-
-
Enzyme protein: sit in membrane, speed up biochemical reactions