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Microbial Bioremediation of :Cadmium Using Bacillus megaterium, Observed…
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- Source: Fertilizers, industrial waste, mining runoff
- Accumulates in agricultural soils
- Highly toxic to plants, animals, humans
- Causes: oxidative stress, poor growth, nutrient loss
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- Enters crops and food chain
- Reduces agricultural productivity
- Uses microbes to detoxify pollutants in the environment
- Environmentally friendly, cost-effective
- Reduces cadmium mobility and uptake by plants
- Microorganism Used: Bacillus megaterium :question:
- Naturally found in soil and rhizosphere
- Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB)
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- Immobilizes Cd as insoluble phosphate complexes
- Non-pathogenic and eco-safe
- Mechanisms of Action :check:
- Biosorption: Cd binds to microbial cell surfaces
- Bioaccumulation: Cd taken up inside bacterial cells
- Biomineralization: Cd converted into stable forms (e.g., Cd₃(PO₄)₂)
- Redox transformation: modifies Cd speciation
- pH buffering: Biochar stabilizes acidic soils
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- Synergistic Enhancement with Biochar
- Improves survival of Bacillus megaterium
- Adds adsorption capacity for heavy metals
- Called B-PSB: Biochar + Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria
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- Biochar acts as microbial carrier
- Challenges and Limitations :red_flag:
- Difficult to apply uniformly on large scales
- Microbial survival may decrease in field conditions
- Sensitive to soil pH, temperature, and moisture
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- Application Areas :recycle:
- Soil remediation in agriculture
- Restoration of mining lands
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Ahmed Samir Malik ID:24200845 
References
Qi, W.-Y., Chen, H., Wang, Z., Xing, S.-F., Song, C., Yan, Z., & Wang, S.-G. (2023). Biochar-immobilized Bacillus megaterium enhances Cd immobilization in soil and promotes Brassica chinensis growth. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 458, 131921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131921