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QUEEN VICTORIA'S REIGN (1837-1861), the victorian compromise…
QUEEN VICTORIA'S REIGN (1837-1861)
social reforms and political developments
1832: the Great Reform Act
"People's Charter"
Ten Hours Act
expansion in trade: 2 opium wars vs china, crimean war vs russia, india
constitutional monarchy
whighs vs tories
living in towns and fighting vs overcrowded urban environment
unhealthy slums, districts, poverty, pollution, high mortality rate, terrible working cond., crime, cholera & typhoid epidemics
accettable solution in return of their labour:workhouses 4 homeless, orphans, jobless, disables, unmarried women
new: running water, street lighting, paved roads, parks, police station, boarding schools, public houses, town halls
victorians: great moralisers
code of values defined by upper & middle class: EXTERIOR RESPECTABILITY, charity, duty, philantropy
"stray children, fallen women, drunken men" (gin lane)
family is a patriarcal unit
censorship for nudity in art
victorian london
both classical (British Museum) and gothic styles: a portico, ionic colonnade
palm house and Kew gardens (iron & glass)
shaping american identity
america of the 19th c thx to puritanism, pilgrim fathers, immigration (melting pot), enlightenment ("american dream"),
2 forces: east coast & undeveloped west
the victorian compromise (contradictory era)