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The conduct of hostilities - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Both state and non-state actors must comply, even if the conventions don't explicitly mention them.
    - - For NIAC (between a state and non-state armed group), protections were weaker, especially in 1949 Geneva Conventions (Common Article 3 is minimal).
      - But today, customary international law has filled the gap
  - - - Proportionality – Civilian harm must not be excessive in relation to the concrete and direct military advantage anticipated.
      - Precautions in Attack – All feasible precautions must be taken to avoid or minimize civilian harm.
      - Distinction – Between combatants and civilians, and between military and civilian objects.
  - - - Military necessity -> States created IHL and need flexibility to carry out operations effectively.
      - Humanitarian protection : even in war, efforts must be made to minimize suffering, especially for those not participating in hostilities