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Biology, Sex Chromosome, Programmable Scissors - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Operons
        
        prokaryotes
        
        Promoter
        
        Start transcription
        
        regulatory protiens
        
        Operator
        
        active repressor
        
        Repressible Operon
        
        Inducible Operon
      - Activators
        
        Eukaryotes
        
        Transcription factors
      - Alternative RNA Splicing
      - Breakdown mRNA
        
        miRNA's
        
        siRNA's
      - Regulatory Proteins
      - Protein Processing
    - - Epigenetics
      - Packed up DNA
        
        no gene expression
      - X Chromosome
        
        inactivation
        
        Barr Body
        
        packed tighter
    - - Homeotic Gene
        
        Visualize through
        
        Nucleic Acid Hybridization
        
        DNA Microarray
      - Cell Signaling
        
        Prokaryotes version
        
        quorum sensing
    - - Cloning Plant
        
        Totipotent
        
        Regeneration
        
        Asexual
      - Cloning Animal
        
        Nuclear Transplantation
        
        use less differentiated cell
        
        Reproductive Cloning
        
        egg w/ nucleus
        
        into animal reproductive system
      - Therapeutic Cloning
        
        embryonic stem cells
        
        totipotent
        
        Adult stem cells
        
        no longer totipotent
        
        bone marrow
    - - Oncogene
        
        make protien
        
        "cell divide"
        
        when on
      - Photo-oncogene
        
        normal
      - Tumor-suppressor gene
        
        make protien
        
        "don't divide"
        
        when off
        
        mistake in division
        
        cancer
- - - - Bacterial plasmids
        
        w/ recombinant DNA
        
        vector
    - - GMO
        
        one or more genes
        
        altered
        
        artifical methods
      - Restriction Enzymes
        
        cut DNA
        
        specific sequence
        
        Restriction Site
        
        another DNA fragment added
        
        DNA ligase
        
        "glue"
      - Nucleic Acid Probes
        
        active gene
      - cDNA
        
        RNA
        
        Reverse Transcriptase
        
        DNA
      - CRISPR-Cas 9
        
        enzyme
        
        Target sequence
        
        using RNA
        
        "guide RNA"
        
        Delete Gene
        
        Insert Gene
      - Transgenic
        
        Gene from other Organism
      - DNA Profiling
        
        PCR
        
        Polymerase Chain Reaction
        
        Gel electrophoresis
        
        STR's
        
        repetitive DNA
      - DNA Sequencing
        
        Next gen
        
        Computers
        
        Third gen
        
        one cell
      - Genomics
        
        genome
        
        HPP
        
        HGP
        
        Whole-genome shotgun sequence
        
        restriction enzymes
    - - Selective Breeding
      - Mutagens
      - Interspecies Crossing
      - Transgenisis
        
        GMO
      - CRISPR
    - - computer
        
        to human analysis
- - - - Gregory Mendel
        
        Mendels Laws
        
        Law of Segregation
        
        Law of Independent Assortment
        
        Hypotheses
        
        Alleles
        
        One from each parent
        
        Dominant and Recessive
      - Genes
        
        Genotype
        
        Homozygous
        
        Alleles
        
        Dominant
        
        Recessive
        
        Heterozygous
        
        Chromosome
        
        Loci
        
        Genetic Maps
        
        Linkage Maps
        
        Autosome
        
        Phenotype (Physical)
      - Genetic Cross
        
        True breeding
        
        Punnet Square
        
        Dihybrid cross
        
        Monohybrid cross
      - Pedigrees
        
        Genetic Testing
        
        Ultrasound
        
        Blood Test
      - Complete Dominance
        
        Incomplete Dominance
        
        Co-Dominance
        
        ABO blood types
        
        Pleiotropy
        
        Polygenic inheritance
- - - - Nucleic Acid
        
        Thymine
        
        Guanine
        
        Cytosine
        
        Monomers
        
        Nucleotides
        
        Adenine
        
        Polymers
        
        Polynucleotides
      - Two Types
        
        DNA
        
        DNA Replication
        
        DNA Polymerase
        
        SSB's
        
        Helicase
        
        into 2 parts
        
        5' to 3'
        
        1 more item...
        
        3' to 5'
        
        1 more item...
        
        Topoisomerase
        
        Primase
        
        RNA or Primer
        
        Mutations
        
        Mutagens
        
        Chemicals
        
        1 more item...
        
        Infectious Agents
        
        1 more item...
        
        Radiation
        
        insertion
        
        Substitution
        
        Point Mutations
        
        3 more items...
        
        Deletion
        
        Frameshift Mutation
        
        Double Helix
        
        Transcription
        
        mRNA
        
        Translation
        
        Nucleic Acids to
        
        1 more item...
        
        In Cytoplasm
        
        1 more item...
        
        Initiaion
        
        1 more item...
        
        Codons
        
        Stop
        
        Start
        
        RNA splicing
        
        Cut Introns
        
        Keep exons
        
        RNA Polymerase
        
        Promoter
        
        Initiation
        
        1 more item...
        
        ATCG
        
        RNA
        
        AUCG
    - - Griffith
      - Hersey + Chase
    - - Nucleic Acids
      - Capsid
      - Lytic Cycle
        
        Phage DNA into cell
        
        DNA synthesis
        
        more phage
      - Lysogenic Cycle
        
        prophage
        
        stay in cell
        
        cell divide
        
        with phage DNA
        
        cell stress
        
        phage go into lytic cycle
      - RNA Virus
        
        multiplicate RNA
        
        leave cell
        
        with cell membrane
      - Retrovirus
        
        Reverse Transcriptase
        
        RNA back to DNA
        
        HIV
        
        AIDS
    - - Move Gene cell to cell
        
        Conjugation
        
        Transformation
        
        Transduction
      - F Factor
        
        on plasmid
        
        or chromosome
      - R plasmid