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Conceptualising sport, science and society - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Sport is inherently pure and good +the purity and goodness of sport is transmitted to those who play or consume it + sport always leads to individual and community development = the great sport myth
- - - - Teams boycotting
      - Cultural differences/beliefes
  - - - Early 19th century: prize-fighting (bare hands) banend but the "hacking" in rugby played in british public schools was not: deemed to build manliness/courage
    - - Cultural: boxing is uncivilised
      - Parental: boxing exploits particular athletes
      - Medical: boxing is dangerous
    - - Harmful to the animals
      - Unempolyment if get banned
      - Rodeo: sport/entertainment/animal abuse - rodeo resistance
- - - - Negotiation and accomodation - people in public spaces (skateboarders) - contested terrain
        
        pressure on city councils from skateboarders
        
        corporate groups getting involved in council to put pressure to get facilities - this may loose authenticity of the alternative sport, mabye creating a mainstream sport
        
        getting in media, corporate sponsors, to make it a highly visible sport
    - - Trobriand Island Cricket - How did local people accomodate it and respond to cricket being introduced - how did they adapt it to be theri own
        
        Simularities - 2 teams, equiptment (Wickets, bats and balls), celebrations after wicket, scoring runs
        
        DIfferences - 59 players for each team , different cultural practices of how they organised the positions, no score board so they use nature, assigned runners, bowled from both ends - depending on which end the ball ends up on
        
        How does trobrians island cricket represen†...
        
        A) domination (colonialism) - locals plaing a colonial sport brought by missionaries
        
        may have replaced other sport/cultureal activities
        
        B) transformation and resistance - Transformation: adapt field, equiptment, rules ect to fit to locals
        Resistance
        
        team names - airoplanes, sailors
        
        team chants - refer to war/military (e.g. bombs)
        
        local spectator, mocking island 'tourists', there to entertain, mocking colonialism
      - Contemporary indigenous vs colonial sport - Iron Maori, Waka Ama, Te matatini (olympics of Haka), Larosse, indigenous games (calgary 2027)
    - - 1976 Montreal Olympics - african countries boycott due to apratheid
      - Who was a apart of this contested terrain - 1981 Springbok tour
        
        Anti-tour protesters - believes that they should change the rules of apartheird, believed that the human rights of Black South Africans were more important than rugby (HART, John Minto, Woman against rugby)
        
        Pro-tour rugby fans - believed that politics had no place in sports, believed that they should have the right to watch rugby
        
        Politicians - PM Robert Muldoon vs MP Bolger
        
        Police - some were against the tour but had no choice but to do their job
        
        The players - believed that this could be their oly time to wear the black jursey and represent their country, wanted to take this opportunity
  - - - The wanted to make a statement but recieved a negative message
      - Student protests, 25 students were killed, 500 arrested druing occupation of national polytechnic
      - NFL player knelt druing national anthem at NFL game in protest which caused a negative response - Colin Kaepernick
- - - - Created in 1818 in England with the specific goal of punishing prisioners
      - It would originally pump water and generate power, was used as a form of hard labour
      - 1913 the first patent exercise treadmill was filed
    - - Archibald Maclaren's 'training in theory and practice' (1874)
      - To put the body with extreme and exceptional care under the influence of all the agents which promote its health and strength, in order to enable it to meet extreme and exceptional demands upon energies
      - Late 1870s, physiological effects of caffine, alcohol, cocaine and strychinine
    - - Curiosity
      - Work productivity
      - Military (preparing for war)
      - Sport performance
    - - He drank brandy and strychnine sulphate (rat poison) during the last 10 miles of the race- it believed to enhance his performance
        
        his time was 03:38:53
        
        this would not be tested nowdays because it is unethical
        
        the current world record time is 02:00:35
- - - - Michel Foucault (1926-1984)
        
        Sociologist - Skeptic of institutions and how specific knowledge is used as a form of power to contorl people and their bodies
        
        Modern society was "an indefinitely generalizable mechanism of panocpicism"
        
        He was sceptabkle about the way he was treated, this made him think about the way institutuions that were run to help people, and the science behind these institutions
    - - Shape meaning fitness and physical appearance, making people thinks that they need to look like the people on the front cover of magazines
      - The magazine is a form of panopticism
      - Shape magazine = a public circulation of the preffered (ideal) female body which influences private female experience (preffered-popular dominant opinion)
    - - Private: the taken for granted assumption that each of us in an individual self with particular, personal qualities that differentiate us from everyone else
      - But: our private thougths/feeings are influenced by public/social facots including media and our faily interactiosn with others etc. = the gaze surveillance
  - - - People find this false information easy and convientent- enticing them to believe it