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Justice - Coggle Diagram
Justice
Philosophical theories of justice
Plato
Justice = Advantage of the stronger (Thrasymachus)
Justice tied to political power and societal roles
Greek context: master vs. slave dynamic
Aristotle
Justice as a virtue
Retributive justice: Fair punishment for wrongdoing
Distributive justice: Fair distribution of resources
Emphasis on treating similar cases similarly
John Rawls
Justice as Fairness
Benefit the least advantaged
Fair equality of opportunity
Veil of Ignorance: Hypothetical device to ensure impartiality
Rejects utilitarianism in favor of egalitarianism
Roberst Nozick
Justice depends on:
Principles of acquisition
Principles of transfer
Principles of rectification
Focus on historical justice, not equality of outcome
General understanding
Definition of Justice
Proper proportion between merits and outcomes
Rooted in human nature and societal order
Definition of Fairness
Treating people equally and without bias
Importance
Maintains peace and order
Protects rights and ensures responsibility
The concept of Justice in philosophy
Etymology
Latin Justicia = fairness/righteousness
Derived from jus = right
Origin
Human insatiability vs. limited resources
Leads to conflicts (e.g., slavery, war)
Necessity of rules and laws for order
Types of Justice
Social Justice (Legal Justice)
Duties of individuals toward the state
Organization for common good
Equal access to social benefits
Violated when some groups are excluded
Commutative Justice
Justice in transactions between individuals/groups
Based on
Arithmetical equality
Honesty and sincerity
Moral conscience
Focused on equal value in exchanges, not status of persons