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APHASIA - Coggle Diagram
APHASIA
Theoretical Models
Localisationist
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Overly simplistic, doesn't explain mixed symptoms
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Etiology - Causes
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Vascular lesions
Haemorrhage = caused by a ruptured blood vessel (due to e.g. a bulge in the blood vessel wall = aneurysm or high blood pressure = hypertension)
Ischemia = a blockage or narrowing of the blood vessel, causing a lack of blood flow, resulting in a lack of oxygen and nutrient deficiency in brain cells
Thrombosis = clot forms in the brain
Embolism = clot, formed elsewhere, travelling to the brain
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NONFLUENT
Short utterances, few words that are seperated by pauses
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Strikingly simplified syntax (telegram style, agrammatism)
effortful verbal production with unmelodic, dysrhytmic,and incompetently inflected verbal output (dysprosodia)
slow, decreased, and abnormally sparse verbal output
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FLUENT
Quantity of verbal output varies from low-normal to high-normal to even excessive levels (= logorrhoea)
syntax displays normal complexity, but some sentences may be ill-formed due to misuse of grammatical rules
(= dyssyntax, aggramatism)
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Melodic, normally inflected, well-articulated verbal output
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Paraphasias = errors that co-occur with easily articulated and grammatical speech
(neologistic, phonemic, semantic)
Incidence - Assessment
Fluent Aphasias are mostly found in older people, due to (possibly) a higher number of cardioembolic strokes related to atrial fibrillation
Nonfluent Aphasias are mostly found in your people (due to trauma such as a car accident, a fall, etc.)
Assessment based on fluency (phrase length, pauses, prosody, effort, speech rate, articulation)
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Other Subtypes
Alexia with Agraphia = an acquired language disorder with relatively intact speech, impaired reading comprehension and writing production
Pure Verbal Deafness = an acquired inability to understand spoken language despite normal hearing, intact reading and writing skills, and the ability to perceive non-verbal sounds
Jargon Aphasia = an acquired language disorder in which speech is fluent and easily articulated, but largely intelligible, characterised by a high number of neologistic paraphasias.
Pure Agraphia = an acquired language disorder in which reading comprehension and speech production are relatively intact, but the writing production is impaired.
Pure Alexia = an acquired language disorder in which writing and speech production are relatively intact, but reading comprehension is impaired.