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TRANSPORTE INTERMODAL - Coggle Diagram
TRANSPORTE INTERMODAL
Introduction to Multimodal Transport
• Concept : Transportation of goods using at least two different modes of transportation under one contract.
• Objective : To make the mix of modes of transport competitive.
• Reasons for development : It arose from the use of containers in international transport.
• Advantages : Reduction of time and costs, simplification of documentation.
• Disadvantages : Poor infrastructure in some countries, coordination problems.
The Multimodal Transport Operator
• Definition : A person who enters into a multimodal transport contract and assumes responsibility.
• Services : Organization, planning and coordination of freight transport.
• Classification : Ship Operational MTO and Non-Ship Operational MTO.
• Function : To facilitate the movement of goods from origin to destination.
• Documentation : Multimodal Transport Contract and Transport Document.
International Multimodal Transport Agreements
• Definition : Regulations approved by the UN to regulate multimodal transport.
• Limits of liability : Liability of the OTM according to specific conditions.
• Signatory countries : Mexico, Chile, Georgia, Lebanon, among others.
• UNCTAD/ICC Rules : Voluntary model of acceptance between parties.
• Advantages of regulation : Establishment of common standards that facilitate transport.
Multimodal and Intermodal Transport
• Background : Development driven by the industrial revolution and the use of containers.
• Description : Grouping of goods into load units to reduce handling.
• Differences : Intermodal transportation involves several contracts; multimodal is a single contract.
• Advantages : Greater safety and efficiency in transport.
• Disadvantages : Risk of load breakage and infrastructure dependency.
Port-based intermodality
• Background : Evolution of ports towards logistics centres.
• Functions : Provide port services, handle cargo and facilitate transportation.
• Advantages : Improved logistics and competitiveness.
• Disadvantages : Infrastructure and connectivity limitations.
International Intermodal Operations
• Experiences in Panamanian ports : Development of intermodal infrastructure.
• Experiences in Spanish ports : Integration of transport modes and improvements in the network.
• Experiences in Colombian ports : Privatization and advances in infrastructure.
• Experiences in Venezuelan ports : Port structure and customs modernization.