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chapter 3 est - Coggle Diagram
chapter 3 est
Thermal Energy
The energy contained in a substance that is determined by the number of particles in the substance and their temerature
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HEAT the transfer of thermal energy from an environment with a higher temperature to one with lower temperature
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specific heat capacity
the amount of thermal energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree celsisus
When equal masses of different substances are heated equally, their temperatures do not increase at the same rate
Q=mc(delta)T
If the change in temperature is negative, the substance has released thermal energy, if it is positive it has absorbed thermal energy
Forces
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forces are measured in Newtons, it represents the force required to make a 1kg object accelerate at the rate of 1m/s^2
Gravitational force
the force of attraction between all objects s a result of their masses and the distances between them
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the farther apart the two objects, the lesser the attraction
among the objects in our surroundings, the Earth is one of the greatest mass and it is also very close to us. Thus the force of gravity between earth and all the objects on its surface is by far the greatest gravitational force acting on these objects
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Mass and weight: Mass is a measure of the quantity of matter in an object vs weight is a measure of the gravitational force acting on an objects. It depends on the intensity of the gravitational force and on the mass of the object
Kinetic energy
a moving object has the ability to do work, so kinetic energy is the energy an object posseses due to its motion
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Potential energy
energy acquired from the transfer of work done on an object, thus potential energy is the energy an object has due to its position or condition
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gravitational potential energy is the energy reserve of an object based on its mass and its height above a reference surface (gravity attraction =9.80N/kg on earth)
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The effective force
when a force is applied to an object, only part of that force really acts on the object
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the force component that alters the motion of an object. it is the component paralle to the movement of the object
The force applied can be broken down into its component parallel to the direction of travel and its perpendicular component
Work
work is done when a force applied to an object causes it to move, or causes part of it to move in the same direction as the force
Energy by defenition is the ability to do work or effect change, so when people do work, they use energy. this energy is transferred from one object/system to another because energy is neither created or destroyed
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Mechanical energy
The mathematical relationship between kinetic, mechanical and potential is expressed: M=K+P
the law of conservation of energy states that in a system (without friction), mechanical energy always remains constant
I.e considering a free falling apple, as it falls the kinetic energy increases as its potential energy decreases, so the mechanicla energy remains constant
Motion
Variables
fyi (1/2 relationships between speed, distance and time): Instantaneous speed of an object at a precise moment in time
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speed=the distance travelled per unit time in m/s whereas
velocity=distance travelled per unit time in a given direction (m/s^2)
the description of motion means how an object travels in space and time due to the action of one or more forces on it