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HISPANIC KINGDOMS IN THE 17TH CENTURY - Coggle Diagram
HISPANIC KINGDOMS IN THE 17TH CENTURY
THE POLITICAL SITUATION
Hispanic 17th-century monarchs introduced a new way of governing by appointing validos.
The monarchs appointed several validos during each reign, but the most important ones were:
The Duke of Lerma under Felipe III (1598–1621)
During the Duke of Lerma’s time as a valido (1598–1618), Spain made peace with England (1603), and the Twelve Years’ Truce with the Dutch Republic (1609) was agreed upon.
The Count-Duke of Olivares under Felipe IV (1621–1665).
The Count-Duke of Olivares’s time in government (1622–1643) was much less stable. The aim of his international and domestic policy was to revive the monarchy’s prestige, maintain its dominance in Europe.
Felipe IV
The Catalan Revolt
The Principality of Cataluña became independent, and then requested France’s help.
The Portuguese Revolution
The Portuguese nobility took advantage of the Catalan Revolt to proclaim John IV of Portugal king in 1640
Separatists Conspiracies
Plots by the nobility to separate Andalucía and Aragón (1641) from Spain were uncovered.
Territories Lost By The Hispanic Monarchy
Losses In America
In parallel with the conspiracies and revolts in Europe during the 17th century, Hispanic and Portuguese territories in America were lost to enemies of their monarchies.
Carlos II (1661–1700) had also a series of validos. Although numerous European territories were lost to France during Carlos II’s reign.
There was also a problem of succession. Carlos II had no children, so, at the end of his reign, the candidates to succeed him were Philip of Anjou and Charles of Austria.
THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SITUATION
The Expulsion Of The Moriscos
During Felipe III’s reign, the policy of religious uniformity begun by the Catholic Monarchs was fully implemented with the expulsion of the moriscos (1609–1614).
The expulsion was motivated by fear that this group would ally with Berber pirates, creating instability on the Peninsula
It was also to protect the prestige of a monarchy that presented itself as a defender of Catholicism.
The moriscos made up a considerable proportion of the population in the kingdoms of Valencia, Aragón, Andalucía and particularly in feudal estates, where they specialised in irrigated agriculture
Their expulsion had severe repercussions in the territories where they lived, since it took a long time for the population and agricultural yields to recover.
Society
Economic problems and various plague epidemics throughout the century, increased the number of disadvantaged people.
Golden Age literature and art provide an excellent insight into the different social groups in Hispanic kingdoms.
Picaros and Mendigos
Poor hidalgos
Bandits or Outlaws