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The Cuban Missile CrisisThe Cuban Missile Crisis - A Near Nuclear…
The Cuban Missile Crisis
The Cuban Missile Crisis - A Near Nuclear Catastrophe
1. Pre-Crisis Context - Cuba and the Cold War
Cuban Revolution (1959)
US Attempts to Overthrow Castro (Early 1960s)
Soviet-Cuban Alliance Deepens
2. The Crisis Unfolds (October 1962)
Discovery of Missiles (October 14, 1962)
US Options and Debate
Thirteen Days of Brinkmanship (October 16-28, 1962)
3: Resolution and Aftermath
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October 22: Kennedy announces the quarantine to the world, demands removal of missiles.
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Detail: EXCOMM discusses various responses:
Air strike on missile sites.
Full-scale invasion of Cuba.
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Naval blockade ("quarantine") of Cuba to prevent more offensive weapons from reaching the island.
Detail: US U-2 spy plane photographs reveal Soviet construction of missile sites in Cuba.
Type of Missiles: Medium-range ballistic missiles (MRBMs) and intermediate-range ballistic missiles (IRBMs) capable of carrying nuclear warheads.
US Reaction: President Kennedy forms EXCOMM (Executive Committee of the National Security Council).
Detail: Cuba seeks military and economic aid from the USSR for protection against US aggression.
Consequence: Provides the context for the Soviet decision to place missiles in Cuba.
CIA-sponsored invasion by Cuban exiles to spark an uprising.
Outcome: Utter failure; exiles defeated, US embarrassed, Castro's position strengthened.
Consequence: Pushes Cuba further into the Soviet embrace for protection.
Fidel Castro overthrows US-backed dictator Fulgencio Batista.
IMPACT
End of US dominance in Cuba; rise of a communist government 90 miles from Florida.
Cuba becomes a Soviet ally in the Western Hemisphere, a direct challenge to the Monroe Doctrine.
Shift from a pro-US client state to an anti-US communist outpost.
Increased Cold War tensions: US now faces a communist threat in its "backyard."
