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POWER, LAW, STATE, JUSTICE - Coggle Diagram
POWER
Visible power
Dominance and submission
Master-slave, predator-prey relations
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Invisible power
Michel Foucault's types
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disciplinary power - regulates behavior through space, time, activity
institutions like prisons, hospitals, schools, army barracks
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Power of norms and order
norms define what is acceptable or unacceptable (classroom behavior, health standards, success, failure)
Power of survaillance
Panopticon - central watchtower, cells around it; prisoners always visible but unsure if watched; internalized self-discipline
Quotes
"He is seen, but he does not see"
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Power of Language
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Defaults in language reflect power structures: masculine gender occupations, assumptions about race and health
Language as a tool of power, influencing norms and social roles
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Grounds of Power
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Sources of power
Physical strength, right to punish, money, fame, social status, expertise, access to information
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LAW
Purpose & Importance
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"Where there is no law, there is no freedom." – John Locke
Rule of Law
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Fundamental for a functioning, fair society
Types of Norms
Legal Norms
Specific, regulate acts/external relations (e.g., marriage, property)
Compulsory, sanctioned by punishment
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Moral Norms
General, guide internal beliefs/relations
Voluntary, sanctioned by reproach/disapproval
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Origins & Sources
Tradition: Rules accepted by community, based on generational wisdom
Laws: State-enacted rules (Constitution, general and special laws)
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Definition
Studied as:
Objective law (actual system/legislation)
Subjective law (individual rights: freedom, property)
Jurisprudence (science of law)
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STATE
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John Locke (Liberalism)
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State of Nature: Peaceful but lacks impartial judges; natural rights (life, liberty, property)
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Legacy
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Locke: Inspired liberal democracies (e.g., U.S. Constitution)
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JUSTICE
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Types of Justice
Commutative Justice
Fair exchange between individuals (contracts, honesty)
Fair exchange between individuals (contracts, honesty)
Social Justice
Duties of individuals to the state, common good, inclusion
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Facets of Justice
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Distributive Justice
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Fair allocation of resources, considering equality, equity (contribution), need, and social utility