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UNIt 1
Principles of Civil Law istockphoto-1336154952-612x612, UNIt 2
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UNIt 1
Principles of Civil Law 
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Ambiguous Law
We call the period of Old Law the law that governed Panama from the Colonial period until our emancipation from Spain in 1821..
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UNIt 2
Principles of Individual Labor Rights
Most Favorable Rule
The basis for applying this rule arises when two or more rules apply to the same situation.
Principle of Non-Waiverability of Law
Many labor standards are non-waivable, depending on the varying degrees of demand and intensity of the public order.
Principle of the Primacy of Reality
An employment contract is not enough to claim protection under labor law; the actual performance of the task is required, and this determines that protection even if the contract were void or did not exist.
Principle of Reasonableness
In their work relationships, human beings act and must act according to reason.
Principle of Good Faith
It seeks to ensure that the parties faithfully fulfill their obligations, putting at least normal effort into the fulfillment of the tasks entrusted to them..
Principle of Protection
The protective nature only exists at the individual level; it does not apply to the collective and procedural level; procedural equality is not compatible.
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Constitutional Aspects
Political Constitution, Chapter 3
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Performance Principle
In the employment relationship, both parties must make every effort to increase, enhance, and promote national production, to the extent that it is within the company's control.
UNIt 3
Principles of Commercial Law
Commercial Law
Law created by merchants themselves to regulate disputes that arose between them due to the or trade they carried out professionally
Criminal Law
Certain rules relating to bankruptcy, fraud in the weight or quality of goods, misuse of trademarks or patents, and other violations are reflected in Criminal Law.
Private International Law
The existing relationship arises from the need to properly regulate the capacity of the contracting parties and the legal norms applicable to commercial contracts entered into by foreigners or abroad.
Civil Law
Its connection with Civil Law is close and constant, as it embraces the general rules on obligations and contracts, capacity, etc.
Constitutional Law
This law relates specifically to constitutional provisions that establish restrictions on the exercise of certain commercial activities.
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Administrative Law
Many administrative regulations apply exclusively to commercial professionals and commercial establishments.
Tax Law
Regarding tax law, the connection between its provisions and the activities of merchants is evident.
Public International Law
Due to the numerous and frequent existence of treaties and other international legal instruments.
**UNIt 4Principles of Private International Law**
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“Lex rei sitae”
It indicates that to determine the law applicable to the assets, it will be necessary to know where they are located.
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“Lex fori”
It states that the law applicable to the procedure in a trial must be the law of the court
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