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Classroom Assessment & Educational Measurements - Coggle Diagram
Classroom Assessment & Educational Measurements
Assessment Validity
Construct Validity
Validity is a judgement, not a test property
Interpertation of scores in context
Validity relates to the interpretation and use of scores
Consequential aspect of validity: impact on students and teaching
Construct-irrelevant variance must be minimized
Assessment Literacy
Definition of Assessment Literacy
Understanding purposes of assesment
Selecting and Using assessments appropriately
Teachers must understand assessment purposes and ethics
Assessment types and alignment with instructional goals
Creating valid, reliable classroom assessments
Standards & Grading Practices
Meaningful grading
Aligning grades with standards
Avoiding distortion in grades
Grades should reflect achievement of standards
Avoid penalties for behavior in academic grades
Use multiple sources of evidence to determine grades
Understanding Learning
Acquisition to transformation
Process of acquiring understanding
Learning is multidimensional
Cultural/philosophical perspectives
Learning is multidensional
Definitions vary: acquisition, transformation, reflection
Learning as a process is shaped by experience and context
Kolb's Reflective Cycle
Concrete Experience
Reflective Observation
Abstract Conceptulization
Active Experimentation
Student Learning Impacts
Assessment influences motivation
Assessment should drive instructional decisions
Formative assessment improves outcomes
Effective Feedback
Feedback should promote learning
Descriptive vs. evaluative feedback :
Timely and specific comments
Feedback should be actionable and constructive
Formative feedback guides student improvement
Timely delivery enhances learning impact
Types of Assessment
Diagnostic, Formative, Summative
Norm-referenced & Criterion-referenced
Ipsative assessment
Understanding Grading vs. Assessment
Assessment is ongoing and diagnostic
Grading summarizes performance at a point in time
Assessment informs instruction, grading reports results
Grading Elementary Students
Use of rubrics and checklists daily
Narrative feedback supports developmental learning
Balance between academic achievement and effort
Grading Process
Steps: Define objectives, establish criteria, communicate expectations
Ensure consistency and transparency in grading
Use both formative and summative assessment evidence
Using Assessments
Assessments guide instruction planning & differentiation
Assessments identify learning gaps and strengths
Formative assessment supports real-time feedback and student growth.
Supporting Exceptional & Struggling Learners
Use RTI and MTSS to provide tiered interventions
Adapt assessments for ELL's using scaffolded strategies
Assessments must be culturally and linguistically responsive
Purpose & Evolving Understanding of Assessment
Grades should reflect learning, not behavior or effort alone
Assessment literacy includes ethical, fair and valid assessment practices
New understanding challenges traditional beliefs and inspires equity-driven change
Current Issues Around Assessment
Debate over grades vs. learning priorites
Tension between traditional grades and standards-based reporting
Science of Reading critiques some existing reading assessments
New Tools & Strategies
Diagnostic and curriculum-based measurements
Data teams and student progress monitoring tools
Multi-source data collection to guide instruction