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Qing T13 - Coggle Diagram
Qing T13
How far does the rise of chinese nationalism explain the fall of the Qing
Elite level chinese nationalism was not significant in the slightest- Rowe criteria for a revolution.
National organisation
Ideology
Weakly defined
Nationalism and external relations- what form did this nationalism take?
Historiography
Esherick and the influence of imperialism on chinese nationalism that 'imperialism did enough to inspire a Chinese nationalism that claimed the territory of the Qing, but not so real as to bring the actual breakup of empire'
Jenco and Chappell
continuity of empire past the dynasty- not a useful term to describe empire.
Not that far
International contexts
Treaties of Opium Wars.
Nationalism as a product of European influence?
Localism and anti-Manchu sentiment more significant
De-centralization of power- Yung Ying and Likin taxation, rise of regional governors
Yung ying gave regional officers armies of up to 130,000 people- Li Honzhang and his Anhui army
Likin increased taxation and vested greater power in regional authorities
Provincial assemblies- taste of democracy
Development of urban centres
yung ying stationed in urban centres and not prevented from joining the nationalist movmeents
Forward Together Society and the Literary Society - 2,000 each in Hubei.
Yangtze News- freely available for the army in Hubei.
New class
Foreign students inspired by Japan- educational priorities.
Questioning the rule of the Manchu.
What did they care about?
organised american boycott of goods 1905
territorial integity
economic rights- railways, for example.
Historiography
Tianyu
the efforts at reform 'his arduous efforts produced the opposite result'
'engines of the revolution' who 'buried the Qing Dynasty'
Kwang Ching Liu.
significance of localism rather than regionalism.
Rowe: three key foundations of a revolution- ideology, organisation, opportunity.
Decentralisation- revival or decay
Military
Yung ying
Provincial governors
Self-strengthening movement?
taxation
Likin
Maritime customs service
Political- military officials become crucial to the Qing and therefore are brought into the central bureaucracy.
Li Hongzhang
Zeng Guofan