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Powers - Coggle Diagram
Powers
President
Executive powers
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Executive orders - directives with the force of law (e.g. Biden's climate orders, Trump's immigration bans)
Military powers
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Can deploy troops (e.g. Bush in Iraq, 2003) through the War Powers Resolution - requires notification to Congress within 48 hours, and deployments are limited to 60 days
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Appointment powers
Appoints federal judges, ambassadors, and cabinet members - requires Senate confirmation
Can fire executive officials, except independent regulators agency heads (without cause)
Foreign policy powers
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Executive agreements (do not require approval, e.g. Obama's Iran Nuclear Deal)
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Congress
Legislative powers
Makes laws - both chambers must agree on identical versions of a bill before it goes to the president
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Oversight powers
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Impeachment
The House votes to impeach (simple majority)
The Senate tries the case (2/3 majority needed to remove from office)
Declaring war
Only Congress can declare war, though this power has become more symbolic due to executive war powers
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Judiciary
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Check the other branches
Can strike down Acts of Congress (e.g. US v. Lopez, which limited Congress' commerce power)
Executive actions (e.g. Trump v. Hawaii, 2018, which upheld the travel ban but struck down previous orders)
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