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EXPLANATIONS OF FORENSICS CONTINUED - Coggle Diagram
EXPLANATIONS OF FORENSICS CONTINUED
Psychological explantions
Cognitive explantions
Coleburgs level of moral reasoning
3 levels of moral reasonining
pre conventional - people base their moral reasoning on rewards or punishments
conventional - base their moral reasoning on societal ideas of right and wrong
post conventional level - this is where they base their moral reasoning on human rights, personal views of right and wrong
people who remain in the pre conventional level are most likely to commit crime - base it on whether they are going to be punished on something, if the punishment is less than the reward they are less likely to do it
whereas those in the conventional stage are the least likely to commit crimes as they are more likely to follow the rules
A03
Determinstic - suggests criminal behaviour isn't a choice
it doesnt explain crimes that arent committed for personal gain, cant be applied to all crimes
practical application - helps with educating criminals to more beyond the pre-conventional stage
Cognitive Distortions
people commit crimes because their internal thought processes are distorted
hostile attribution bias - individuals will misread ambiguous situations and perceive them as threatening - therefore more likely to react aggressively (aggressive)
minimisation - downplay significance of a crime, rationalise the committing of a crime and minimise the effect of it, this can be done by blaming the victim (variety of different crimes)
both of these types of thinking will lead to people committing crimes
A03
Real life application - interviews
help with rehabilitation - CBT may help them to work on changing their cognitive distortions
HOLTSWORTH
found men convicted on Domestic violence - donut they showed traits of minimisation (blame their partner 'she deserved it')
Social Explanations
Differential Associated Theory
Suggests that the amount of time you spend with a role model who commits crime will increase the liklihood of you imitating the behaviour - how often they see aggressive behaviour taking place
Motivation and attitudes
individual will remember what was motivating the role model to commit the behaviour
If that mirrors motivation they would have to commit a crime it would increase chance of them also committing it
If they see the role model being rewarded they are also more likely to imitate it
if role model shows positive attitudes towards crime or justify them is more likely to adopt same attitudes
A03
RLA Films have age restrictions to limit seeing criminal behaviour
Deterministic
ignores biological explanations, ignores role of nature and some people are just more predisposed to committing crime
PSYCODYNAMIC EXPLANATION
Freuds theory
believes criminal behaviour occurs due to a weak superego
three types of weak superegos which you can develop
overly harsh superego - develops when same sex parent is too strict with the child, leads to them feeling guilty all the time so they seek punishment to rid themselves of the guilt
underdeveloped superego - usually happens when same sex parent is absent during the phallic stage (ID becomes more dominant, individual becomes a pleasure seeker)
deviant superego - occurs when same sex parent is a criminal, when you identify with that parent you internalise all their criminal beliefs (deviant understanding of right and wrong)
Bowlbys Theory
He believes that if a child suffers from maternal deprivation during the critical period they develop a very negative perception of the world - makes them very hostile and lack empathy for other people making them more likely to commit crime
A03
Determinstic - behaviour of parent is what controls if the child becomes a criminal or not
RLA - Bowlby's theory can be quite socially sensitive
helps to aid psycotherapy - help get to the root cause of the behaviour