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Unit 2B-The Changing Economic World - Coggle Diagram
Unit 2B-The Changing Economic World
Economic Development of India
Development in India
Political, was Britain's colony until 1947 now it has democracy
Social, medium level of development (HDI=0.64)
Cultural, rich and diverse culture (Bollywood)
Environmental, varied landscape allows tourism
Rapid development=Change in industrial structure
Primary Industry, employs 42% of population and brings 15% of country's GDP
Secondary Industry, grown rapidly (16% in 1999-24% in 2018)
Tertiary and Quaternary Industry, employs 34% (grown rapidly as well) due to IT firms supplying other countries
India
Second largest population in world
Important role in exports around the world
Is a NEE
TNCs in India
They are companies which operate in more than one country
Pros are provides employment and pay 40% tax
Cons are environmental problems and poor working conditions
Relationship with Wider World
Political, increased conflict with China and building of TAPI pipe throughout many countries in southeast asia
Trading, relationships are increasing and deals are forming for easier trading across India's waters
Types of Aid
Short-Term, money given to countries with emergencies
Long-Term, money invested in long-term projects of countries
Top-Down, government decides how aid is used
Bottom-Down, population decides how aid is used
Development also increases quality of life and environment
Economic Development of UK
Increase in transfer from tertiary/secondary industry to tertiary/quaternary industry
Science/Business Parks=Important
Own quaternary business
Employs innovators
Produces new high tech
Example=Cambridge Science Park, and it has over 130 business and provides employment and high tech products
Causes of Economic Changes
De-Industrialsation, we dont create products in UK anymore
Globalisation, we import most products we used to produce
Government Policies, decrease economic income
Less factory industry=Less pollution
Improving Transport Network
Railways, new railway named HS2
Airports, extra runway at Heathrow
Ports, new port named Liverpool2
Highways, improving roads M4 and M5
UK has stronger links with other countries (this helps with trade or increases culture and transportation), EU or commonwealth
North-South Divide
Evidence= Education better in south rather then north, same as health and life expectancy
Population decline in South Lakeland and population increase in North Somerset (migration from north to south)
How UK is resolving it
Devolving power to local committes in north to give more control
Creating enterprise zones, which allow tax free places for business
Northern Powerhouse Project, where UK invest 70million in north
Measuring Development
Global Development Gap=Gap of development between countries
Measures of Development
GNI, (Gross National Income) measures income of a country in a certain time period
Birth and Death Rate, measures births and deaths per thousand of the population each year
Life Expectancy, measures the average of how long a person can live in that country
Some measures can be misleading or have limitations
Country Classifications
HIC, High Income Country (richest countries
LIC, Low Income Country (poorest countries)
NEE, Newly Emerging Economy
HDI
Combines many measurements
Tell about GNI, GNI per head, life expectancy or birth/death rate
Development and the DTM
Demographic Transition Model, shows how birth and death rate effects population
Stages in DTM Model
Stage 3, NEEs with less birth/death rate
Stage 4, HICs with low birth/death rate due to healthcare
Stage 2, not very developed (LICs) with high birth rate and lower death rate
Stage 5, HICs with low birth/death rate due to healthcare
Stage 1, least developed with birth/death rates high
Birth rate > Death rate = Natural increase
Death rate > Birth rate = Natural decrease
Uneven Development
Factors which affect Countries Development
Physical Factors
Few raw materials
Poor climate
Poor farming land
Lots of natural disasters
Economic Factors
Poor trade links
Loads of debt
Economy based on agriculture
Historical Factors
Colonisation
Conflit/Wars
Reducing Global Development Gap
Strategies to Remove Gap
Investment
Aid
Fair trade
New technology used
Microfinance loans
Industrial developemt
Debt relief
Tourism
Pros
Increased income
More jobs
Cons
More littering
Disturbing habitats for national parks