Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

ROMANTICISM, OIP (1), OIP - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Kings: George III, George IV, William IV (Hanoverians)
      - Transition to Victorian Age (1837)
    - - Individualism
        
        Individual vs. society (often unsupportive)
        
        Example: Chatterton’s suicide
        
        Poetry as subjective vision of poet
      - Reaction Against Enlightenment
        
        Critique of Enlightenment’s faith in reason
        
        Loss of emotions (example: Swift)
      - Childhood
        
        Contrast with pre-Romantic view (children as young adults working in factories)
        
        Children seen as pure, innocent, creative
      - Nature
        
        Nature dominates man (opposite to Enlightenment view)
        
        Nature as protagonist: chaos/destruction & joy
        
        Rural life closer to nature, society as prison
        
        Industrial Revolution threatens nature
      - Imagination and Creativity
        
        Makes humans like gods
      - The Middle Ages
        
        Cult of Middle Ages, revival of Gothic art (architecture)
        
        Romanticism linked to medieval romances (heroes, supernatural)
        
        Examples: King Arthur, Tristan and Isolde, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
        
        17th century: “romantic” linked to landscapes & emotions
        
        Later reduced to “love”
      - Supernatural
        
        Fantastic and supernatural elements in stories
      - The Sublime
        
        Defined by Edmund Burke
        
        Opposes beauty (rational, proportioned)
        
        Sublime: immediate, powerful, terrifying, often nature-related
      - Irrationality
        
        Humans not fully rational
        
        Fascination with dreams and nightmares
        
        Example: Goya’s The Sleep of Reason
      - Exotic
        
        Fascination with distant places (China, Africa) and times (Middle Ages)
        
        Seen as opposite to industrialized, artificial world
      - Feelings and Emotions
        
        Opposite to intellect and rationality
        
        Example: The Sorrows of Young Werther by Goethe
        
        Music as best art to express emotions
      - Revolutions and Reforms
        
        French Revolution (1789): initial optimism, later disappointment (Robespierre)
        
        American Revolution: inspired by previous wars
        
        Industrial Revolution: began in England, warned against by Romantic poets
        
        Consequences: urbanization, city expansion, consumerism, secularization, mechanization
- - - - .
        
        ireland joined the united kingdom (1801)
        
        george iii suffered from illness → george iv became prince regent (1811-1820)
        
        interest in art and architecture (royal pavilion, regent street)
        
        repeal of combination acts (1824) → workers’ associations legalized
        
        creation of the metropolitan police force (1829)
        
        death of george iv (1830), succeeded by william iv
        
        great reform act (1832): extended voting rights to middle-class men, abolished “rotten boroughs”
        
        abolition of slavery (1833)
        
        factory act (1833): protected workers, especially children
        
        death of william iv (1837), succeeded by queen victoria
    - - opposite concepts: sublime vs. beautiful (edmund burke)
      - beautiful: rational, with form, objective, based on changing standards
      - sublime: irrational, a powerful feeling, experienced in nature, vastness, darkness, roughness
      - in sublime art, humans appear small and insignificant before nature
      - reaction to the sublime: astonishment, terror, but also pleasure
      - in front of the sublime, people feel immobilized and speechless
    - - reign of george iii marked by loss of american colonies
      - british taxes on american goods → slogan "no taxation without representation"
      - boston tea party (1773)
      - war of independence (1775) with two factions:
        
        patriots: for independence, supported by france
        
        loyalists: loyal to britain, supported by the crown
      - declaration of independence ratified on july 4, 1776
      - important battles: saratoga (1777), yorktown (1781)
      - treaty of paris (1783) recognized independence
      - formation of the republic (1787) and election of george washington (1789)
    - - important event for english writers
      - started with hope for change and freedom
      - became violent during the "terror" and eventually failed
      - caused many wars in europe
      - battle of trafalgar: nelson defeated napoleon
      - role of the duke of wellington
      - english government feared revolutions → army suppressed protests
      - revolution changed europe and influenced many writers and artists
    - - shift from agrarian to industrialized nation
      - increase in quality of life and population growth
      - enclosures: privatized lands controlled by large landowners
      - beginning of mass consumption and production of machine-made goods
      - important inventions:
      - steam engine: powered by coal, used in transportation (trains) and factories
      - loom: made cloth production easier
      - working conditions were terrible: low wages, overcrowded towns, polluted air and water, child labor
- - - - Chimney sweeper (suffers due to church)
      - Soldier (suffers due to government)
      - Harlot (suffers due to marriage institution)