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British Reaction - Britain and Ireland 1919-23 - Coggle Diagram
British Reaction - Britain and Ireland 1919-23
The Auxiliaries and the Blacks and Tans
British government declared martial law in some parts of Ireland
Martial law meant curfews, arbitrary arrests, mass detentions and establishment of military tribunals
Made up of former British soldiers and were notorious for their brutal tactics and reprisals against the Irish civilian population
In response to the IRA the British engaged in reprisals against Irish civilians and communities, this involved burning homes and businesses, arbitrary executions and collective punishments
The Government of Ireland Act 1920
Aimed to address issues of Home Rule by granting limited self-governance to Ireland
Meant 26 counties in Southern Ireland had their own Parliament and six counties in Ulster also had their own Parliament
Aimed to provide framework for separate governments but avoiding the possibility for future reunification with overall 'Council of Ireland'
Sinn Fein refused to recognise legitimacy and campaigned for a second Dail Eineann, they rejected partisan and continued to fight for complete independence
Majority of seats in Northern Ireland part of the House of Commons was unionists, this led to a new Northern Ireland Parliament in June 1921 giving Ulster unionists greater authority
Came into operation in May 1921
Anglo-Irish treaty December 1921
July 1921 truce between British government and the IRA
Negotiations between PM Lloyd George and Arthur Griffith and Micheal Collins in London
Anglo-Irish treaty signed on the 6th of December 1921
Treaty recognised creation of the Irish Free State, self governing dominion within the British Empire with its own Parliament and executive
Treaty confirmed partition of Northern Ireland giving counties option to opt in or out
Also established boundary commission to review new boarder
Members of Irish parliament and public officials had to swear oath to the British crown
British support for Irish Free State during the Civil War 1922-23
British supported Irish free state supporters 1922-23
Anti-treaty forces rejected oath, separation and only the dominion status not full independence
Support from British government involved logistical and military aid which was crucial in being able to counter anti-treaty force and win
Irish Free state Constitution Act December 1922
Confirmed arrangements of Anglo-Irish treaty
Formally repealed the Act of Union and establish 26 counties a free state
Surpassed aspirations of Parnell or O'Connell
To address security concerns, 3 naval bases retained by Britain in Ireland