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British Reaction - Reaction to the Volunteers and the United Irishmen 1774…
British Reaction - Reaction to the Volunteers and the United Irishmen 1774-1800
In response to growing anger and agitation in Ireland, the government passes the Free Trade Bill in 1779 giving Ireland access to colonial trade on equal terms to Britain
William Pitt the Younger
PM between 1783 and 1801 meaning he faced the push for Catholic Emancipation and impact of the French Revolution
United Irish men were created in 1791 and were banned by Pitt in 1795 due to revolutionary activities
Passed the Act of Constitution in 1782
Passed the Catholic Relief Act of 1793 granting Catholics the vote
1795 Maynooth Grant (officially known as St Patrick's College Maynooth) that established a seminary for the training of Catholic clergy
Aimed to ease restrictions on Catholics, seen by Catholic relief act and Maynooth Grant however still excluded Catholics from Parliament
Martial law was used in some areas during the Uprising allowing military control of of civil affairs
After the ban of the United Irishmen the government carried out 'Reign of Terror' leading to an era of arrests trials and harsh reprisals
Played central role in the Act of Union, a King advocation of political and economic reform
Believed that the united British and Irish parliament would more likely address Catholic grievences
Failure of emancipation led to opposition to the Union
Youngest PM starting at 24
Impact of Enlightenment
Early 1780s to early 1800s
Influenced by Catholic relief movements
Locke and Voltaire argued for separation of the Church and the state
Focus on reason science, individual rights and rejection of traditional authority
Thought Catholic civil right constrictions were outdates and unjust
Act of Union
Catholic resentment depended as it didn't grant Catholic emancipation (Pitt supported it but the King didn't)
Due to the aftermath of 1789 Act of Union (1801) persued
Trying to stabilise Ireland and secure British Control
Allowed 100 seats in the House of Commons and 32 seats in the House of Lords
Patronage is offering peers government positions and financial rewards - used by the British government
Trying to diminish the political influence of the Irish aristocracy through the use of patronage
United Irishmen
10,000 rebels killed
Banned in 1774
Government used force and terror tactics leading to devastation
Despite French support failing it added a layer threat
Government introduced repressive measures like Insurrection Act 1796 which allowed summary arrests and imprisonments if individuals deemed 'suspect'