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Biofuel in Indonesia - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Require 3 million mt of UCO to meet 2% SAF mandate
  - - - Indonesia: 46.5 million mt in 2023-2024
      - Malaysia: 19.8 million mt
- - - - Bioethanol
        (sugar/starch crops)
        
        Sugarcane, sugar beets,
        corn, cassava
      - Biodiesel
        (vegetable oil)
        
        Palm oil, soybean oil,
        rapeseed oil, sunflower oil
  - - - Forest and agricultural waste
        (corn stover, sugarcane bagasse)
      - Woody
        (lignocellulosic)
      - Biomass crops
        (grass crops)
      - Organic part of municipal waste
      - Non-edible oil seeds
        (jatropha oil, karanja oil)
      - UCO and animal fat
    - - No competition with food crops
      - Lower GHG emissions
      - No need additional land to grow the crops
      - Can be grown in marginal lands
    - - Higher capital costs due to complicated process
    - - In 2018, only 9% of global biofuels
        come from non-food feedstocks
        
        90% from nonedible oil and fat
        
        10% from lignocellulosic biomass
  - - - Has a higher growth rate compared to terrestrial crops
      - Doesn't require arable land