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B3-Infection and Response - Coggle Diagram
B3-Infection and Response
Communicable Diseases
Pathogens=Microorganisms which cause communicable disease
Pathogens
Viruses, produce clones by entering a cell and bursting it and the cell damage is what makes you feel ill
Protists, are parasites transferred via disease vectors
Bacteria, releases toxins in your body which damage your tissues to make you feel ill
Fungi, penetrate human skin to cause diseases
Spread Ways
Water
Air
Direct Contact
Viral, Fungal, Protist
Viral Diseases
Measles
Spread via cough or sneezes
Can lead to serious diseases
Develop red rash skin and fever
HIV
Spread via sexual contact
Attacks immune cells
Causes flu-like syptoms for weeks
TMV
Virus which affects plants
Causes mosaic pattern on plants (discolouration)
Discolourisation=No photosynthesis
Fungal Diseases
Rose Black Spot
Causes purple or black leaves
Happens on rose plants
This means less photosynthesis
Infected plants need to be removed otherwise infection spreads
Protist Diseases
Malaria
Mosquiotes usually are vectors which transport this
Can be fatal
Causes fever
Bacterial Diseases and Preventing Disease
Bacterial Disease
Salmonella, causes food poisoning
Gonorhea, is an STD which causes pain on urination (used to be treated with penicillin but now they are immune)
Preventing Disease
Be hygienic
Vaccination
Isolation of infected people
Fighting Disease
Our Defence System
Trachea create mucus to trap pathogen
Skin is a barrier
Stomach produces hydrochloric acid
Hair and mucus in nose trap pathogens
Ways of Prevention
Drugs
Examples are antibiotics or painkillers
Many drugs come from plants
Bacteria can resist antibiotics over time
Some drugs are made up from microorganisms (mould for penicillin)
Vaccination
Cons, they dont always work and you may have a bad reaction
Pros, big outbreaks can be prevented and 90% of common diseases now gone in UK
Involve injecting small amount of dead pathogen so your white blood cells can get used to the pathogen and create antibodies for the next time that disease comes into your body
Immune System
Phagocytosis=White blood cells eating pathogens
Pathongs have unique antigen and when white blood cells see antigens they dont recognise they produce antibodies
If person is infected with same pathogen same antibody will be released
They also produce antitoxins to counter pathogens toxins
Developing Drugs
Stages
Stage 2: Test on live animals to see if the drug works for its cause and to find out its dosage
Stage 3: Tested on human volunteers, first on well patients then on unwell patients. Then two groups are made, one if given actual medicine and the other is given placebo (fake medicine)
Stage 1: Tested on human tissue in a lab
Placebo effect=When you give someone a fake drug to make them think they are getting the real drug so they think they are going to get better so they get better