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Bioaccumulation - Coggle Diagram
Bioaccumulation
Pesticide
Transfer
Poorly understood
Argiculture worldwide
2021
3,500,000 tons
1990
1,750,000
Effects
Direct exposure
Indirect exposure
Food via
Food chain
Invertebrates
Arthropods
Increase mortality
Reduce
Fecundity
Longevity
Reasons
Agricultural system
Crop-growing season
Pesticide use
Breeding periods (arthropods)
Tropic interactions
Consuming contaminated preys (predation)
Developing inside a contaminated host (parasitism)
Biomagnification
Contamination of top predators
Lethal or sublethal effects
Ecosystems
Aquatic
Terrestrial
Insecticides
Neonicotinoid
Protect crop against
Large range of insect pests
Residues
Can persist for years in soil
Honweydews
Parasitic wasps
Pollinating hoverflies
Chronic deleterious
Systematic insecticides
Used on
Treated plants
Fungi
Affect
Non-target organisms
Ladybugs
Honeybees
Moth larvae
Absorption methods
Skin
Cuticle
Respiratory
Digestive organs of animals
Determinant factors
Body size
Weight
Age
Lifespan
Example
The heavier bees are, the less sensitive they are to pesticides
Nutrition
Detoxification
Phases
1) Oxidation
2) The toxin can be metabolized
3) Excretion of the toxins from the organism by specific ATP-binding transporters