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7: Church - Coggle Diagram
7: Church
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Lateran Pacts
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Involved the Vatican City which was an independent state in Rome which the Pope was head of, Catholicism recognised as sole faith in Italy
Financial agreements to compensate for lost land, 750 million lire and 1 billion in state bonds
Concordat recognised Church administrative and structures would remain independent, RE now compulsory in secondary school, Pope appointed Bishops but Mussolini could veto, clergy would not join political parties
Relations in the 1930s
Many clergy became active participants in the ONB with Catholicism experiencing a revival (more religious marriages and schools)
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Some weren't happy
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1930 300 priests wrote protest letter condemning the Archbishop of Milan who openly supported fascism
Tensions
1931 argument
Over Catholic Action, criticised by the Pope in an encyclical in newspapers 'We have no need'
Compromised that Catholic Action had to be restricted to religious, educational and recreational activities
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After this Catholic Action membership grew from 250,000 in 1930 to 388,000 in 1939
1938 argument
Pope condemned antisemitism, he didn't like ban on inter-marriage, however many members of the Church did have antisemitic views
Pope was due to publish another encyclical before his death in 1939, next Pope did not make this public and also didn't criticise deportation of Jews in WW2
Early approach to Church
Big critic of religion (atheist), 1919 Programme wanted to confiscate church property
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