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FORENSICS - Coggle Diagram

- - - - DNA at scene, evidence left behind, no proof of pre planning, victim will be present
      - Anti-social, low IQ, may struggle with relationships, unemployed or have a job with low skill set
    - - No DNA scene, limited evidence, unlikely victim would be present, proof of pre planning
      - Got a family, job, friends, good IQ level, able to communicate efficiently
    - - deterministic
      - assuming certain types of people commit crimes, lead to discrimination, false arrests, feeding into stereotypes
      - difficult to categorise people, different variables that can account for how they've left the crime scene
      - pre existing profiles were all done on serial killers (certain type of person) and in the 70s - due to increase in technology people have much more knowledge about crime, people know what police are looking for
  - - - really good, holistic approach, can identify location and person
      - data driven - personalised to each criminal (more accurate)
      - use it for wider range of crimes, major and minor
- - - - Theives - tall and skinny, likely to have very long and thin faces
      - Murderers - curly hair, wide noses and have a darker complexion
      - Fraud - short, overweight and have a pronounced jaw
    - - Determinstic
      - social sensitivity - lead to a lot of discrimination especially against people of colour, still seen in court and prison systems today - so engrained
      - large sample size, could suggest valid evidence to support his theory BUT ALL MEN - cant be generalised to women
  - - - Believes criminal behaviour is inherited so it will be passed down to offspring
      - twin studies have shown that identical twins have a concordance rate of 52% (one twin a criminal so will the other) by non-identical 21% concordance - suggest genetic link
      - MOA gene - helps the body produce an enzyme which produces serotonin however if you inherit a mutation gene MOAL then your body cant produce that enzyme so serotonin levels will become too low - increase activity in the brain which will make the person more aggressive and have less inhibitions making them more likely to commit crimes
      - Anti-social personality disorder
        
        refers to sociopaths and psychopaths
        
        people who inherit this type of personality are less likely to have empathy, lack empathy and quite narcassitic
        
        likely to lead to them committing crimes because they dont care about the consequences of their actions on other people
      - A03
        
        Deterministic
        
        social sensitivity - discrimination of the other twin
        
        cater for rehabilitation for the genetic mutation of MOA
    - - suggests criminals have less activity in their pre frontal cortex
      - they struggle with emotional regulation
      - they cant control moral behaviour - therefore more likely to commit crimes because they become impulsive
      - Role of the Limbic System
        
        made up of the amygdala and the hypothalamus both of these involved in the fight or flight response
        
        when people have less serotonin in the areas of the brain, they cant inhibit the activity which means they are more likely to see minor threats as major
        
        link to mirror neurons - they are neurons that allow us to feel empathy for other people, when we see someone show an emotion the mirror neurons mirror the behaviour and feelings of the person were watching - the anti-social personality disorder have less activity in the mirror neurons
      - A03
        
        help with the rehabilitation of people
        
        deterministic - assuming criminal behaviour is determined by your neural activity and not something you're choosing to do
        
        social sensitvity - criminal justice system, people commit crimes because of their brain activity which would suggest they cant control it, so they would be punishing on something they cant control
    - - believed that personality was innate and it was based on the nervous system you inherit
      - proposed the idea of a criminal personality (all 3)
      - made up of three main personality traits
      - extroversion - when people inherit and underachieve nervous system it makes them more extroverted, seek more excitement and adrenaline, risk taking
      - neurotic - inherit an overly active sympathetic nervous system, this makes them more unpredictable, they may appear more jumpy or overly anxious - may act without thinking
      - psycothic - people who have high levels of testosterone, more likely to develop this personality trait - struggle with emotional regulation and more prone to becoming aggressive
      - generally people who have criminal personalities want gratification almost instantaneously
      - A03
        
        beta bias - ignoring differences between men and women
        
        determinsm - nervous system is what controls your personality, ignoring free will to shape their own personality
        
        cultural differences - researchers found that these traits tend to be only prevelent in cocasion backgrounds, hispanic and African American score low in extroversion