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Non communicable disease case study: cancer in the UK - Coggle Diagram
Non communicable disease case study: cancer in the UK
Social, economic and cultural causes
Socio Economic trend
Higher socio economic status: higher risk of colon, breast, skin and prostate cancer.
Inverse co relation for lung, stomach, orphoranyx, oesophagus and cervix cancers.
Sunbathing (social) cause
Cultural preference for tanning despite cancer
Tanning has also become more common as incomes rise and holidays become more accessible to hot countries.
Diet
Along with a rise in wealth comes with preference for meat and dairy products, fast food as well as ready meals, increasing the risk for bowel cancer.
Alcohol
Higher income = higher alcohol consumption.
Increases risk of cancers like liver cancer
Smoking
One fifth of all cases of cancer diagnosed in the UK each year are because of smoking.
Lack of excersise
Together with a change in diet: driven an epidemic of obesity and increased risks of cancer and CVD.
Socio - economic impacts
Current trends:
980 diagnosed each day and 440 people die because of it each day
Incidence rates have increased by 12% since early 1990s
Because of an ageing population, rates are expected to rise by 40% in 2035
Economic impacts
Deaths
35000 people of working age die of cancer each year
This removes productive workers from the labour force
Non fatal
120,000 people under 65 diagnosed each year
Many survivors do not return to work because of the after effects of cancer and cancer treatments
Others may change jobs, or reduce working hours because of illness, reducing economic productivity.
Indirect causes: people caring for someone with cancer
Third parties, such as friends of family, may be out of work while caring
In 2018, 54,000 people under 70 lost their lives to cancer, which would have contributed £585 million to the economy.
Deprivation and cancer
Deprivation affects cancer because deprivation increases the likelihood of smoking, alcohol consumption and obesity.
Cancer rates in some of the poorest areas are three times higher than the most affluent.
Post - industrial areas of South Wales, London and northern england have some of the highest rates of cancer
Survival rates
MOre affluent people are more likely to survive cancer than people in deprivation.
This is because of the speed of diagnosis and pre existing health status.
Government and international agency strategies to mitigate against cancer.
Direct strategies
Investment in medical technology: such as more precise forms of radiotherapy
Mass screenings for breast, cervical and bowel cancer.
reducing waiting times between diagnosis and treatments + discovering new drugs
Indirect strategies
Education and health campaigns including informing people of the dangers of smoking
As well as excessive drinking and sugary, unbalanced diets
International agencies and strategies
Cancer UK: operates at hospitals and universities throughout the UK and is funded by donations, legacies and charity events.
International Agency for research on cancer: conducts epidmology and lab research into causes of cancer.
Skin cancer
Skin cancer is rising year on year by 3%
Government legislation to control the commercial use of sunbeds, with age limits for users, and standards of supervision and staff training.
Publicity campaigns warn of the dangers of sunbathing and the unsupervised use of sunbeds, and advise on things like suncreen
Met office advice on UK intensities and safe limits of exposure.