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childbearing - Coggle Diagram
childbearing
REASONS FOR THE TRENDS
availability of contraception
role of education for women
changing gender roles
lowered infant morality rate.
in 1900, 22.5% births would die before their 5th birthday whereas in 2015 it was 0.5
geographical mobility means smaller families
changing values of parenthood 'quality not quantity'
economic factors
cost of raising child until 18 is 235,000 but will rise to 271,000 until 21
IMPACT OF CHANGING FERTILITY RATES
reduction in labour force as space not filled when people retired
dependency ratio unbalanced on ageing population
immigration more needed for labour market
julie brannon growth of beanpole families
voluntary childlessness
family policy studies centre show that in 2000, 1 in 5 women aged 40 ha chose not to have children compared to 1 in 10 in 1980.
hakim suggests this links to contraception availability and legalisation of abortion
gillespie argues the push and pull of freedom
decline of full time mothers
family sizes in decline
fertility rate trends
birth rate trends