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Lec 5, Enterprise Systems
企业系统（ERP）, Summary - Coggle Diagram
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Summary
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区分云ERP与本地ERP的优劣对比
Cloud ERP ERP software hosted on a vendor’s cloud platform, accessed via internet. 云ERP部署在供应商的云服务器上，用户通过互联网访问。
On-premise ERP ERP software installed locally on a company’s own servers and hardware. 本地ERP部署在企业自己的服务器和硬件设备上，需内部维护。
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ERP的定义、核心模块、典型好处
ERP is an integrated software system that manages core business functions—such as finance, HR, supply chain, manufacturing, and customer service—in a unified platform.
ERP（企业资源计划）是一种集成软件系统，用于统一管理企业的核心业务功能，如财务、人力资源、供应链、生产和客户服务。
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ERP实施的挑战与解决策略
Challenges
💰 High Cost 高成本 Licensing, customization, training, and maintenance are expensive. 许可证、定制开发、员工培训和维护费用高 实施SAP系统需数百万投入
🤯 Change Resistance 员工抗拒变革 Employees resist new systems due to fear or unfamiliarity. 员工担心“被替代”或不愿学习新系统 老员工不愿从Excel转向ERP
🔀 Business Disruption 业务中断 Transitioning systems may temporarily slow down operations. 切换系统期间，业务可能变慢或出错 上线初期订单处理延迟
🧱 Complexity 复杂性高 ERP involves many modules, data, and departments. 涉及模块多、流程复杂、数据庞杂 同时上线销售、库存、财务模块，协调难度大
🔄 Data Migration 数据迁移难 Old system data may be incomplete, inconsistent, or messy. 旧系统数据杂乱或缺失，迁移难度大 员工花大量时间手动清洗客户资料
Solutions
📊 Clear Planning 明确规划 Define scope, timeline, budget, and team roles clearly. 制定明确项目范围、进度、预算和责任人 制定“分阶段上线”计划
👥 Employee Involvement 员工参与 Involve employees early in design and testing phases. 让员工参与流程设计、测试和反馈 请销售人员参与设计订单界面
📚 Training & Support 培训与支持 Provide extensive training and help desk support. 充分培训 + 技术支持 上线前集中组织系统培训
🚀 Pilot Rollouts 分阶段试点上线 Start with a small module or department. 先在小范围（如一个部门）试运行系统 先上线采购模块，测试稳定后再扩展
🧹 Data Cleansing 数据清洗 Clean and standardize legacy data before migration. 在数据迁移前，先统一清洗旧数据 清除重复客户信息、标准化格式
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