Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
WAYS OF DEALING WITH CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR - Coggle Diagram
WAYS OF DEALING WITH CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR
Custodial sentencing
To act as the deterant - by punishing the criminals it makes the person not commit again, can lead to vicarious reinforcement which can lead to others not committing crimes
Incapacitation - way of protecting society by removing the threat and prevents reoffending because they're locked up
Retribution - revenge for the crime
Rehabilitation - time for the person to reflect and learn no skills through programs which should help reduce reoffending
Negative effects of prison
increased likelihood of stress and depression - can lead to suicide and self harm, significantly higher in prison population than in the general public
institutionalisation - prisoners tend to become accustomed to life in prison, makes it harder to live outside of the prison
Prisonisation - - where they adopt the 'inmate code' where certain behaviours are normalised and not allowed
Recidivism - this is when prisoners reoffend, because in prison unacceptable behaviour is encouraged it is then more likely they will reoffend in and outside of the prison (some studies have shown that reoffending is as high as 70% within a year of leaving the prison)
A03
Zimbardo
put sane people in a prison environment and within 6 days their mental health had severely diteriated to the point they were trying to leave the study - demonstrated custodial sentencing isn't the most appropriate form of dealing with behaviour
DAVIS AND REYMOND
did a in depth assessment of the rehabilitation programs across several prisons and found that most prisons do little to rehabilitate of deter reoffenfing
this was usually due to a lack of funding to support the programs or a lack of interest from the staff - could suggest custodial sentencing isn't achieving the aim or rehabilitating people - more of a way to appear they are reinforcing that crime isn't acceptable
MALLOTT
He surveyed 102 Australian male offenders and once they had been released from prison and asked them about their release and their opinions on the reduction of Recidivism and the majority of them said that once they left prison they had no support, so the thought of reentering prison seemed appealing because they had order, social class, structure - supports idea of instatutuinalisation, custodial sentencing is having opposite effect where it is encouraging people to reoffend
Behaviour Modification
Aims to reinforce positive behaviours and punish negative ones - they are trying to recondition the individual NOT to commit crime
This is done through a process of token economy - the prisoner would meet with their probation officer in the prison and they would decide on what positive behaviours they need to be displaying and they will then assign tokens to each one (eg. if you go a whole week without having an argument with another prisoner you can get 10 tokens) they will then agree on actual awards, like extra money or an extra phone call, time off their sentence - each reward assigned to a specific value (700 tokens to get time off your sentence)
token is a secondary reinforcer - neutral reward (doesnt hold any value) the activity they can trade it in for is the primary reinforcer
once all agreed the token economy will start, tokens can be removed if they show disobedient behaviour -
A03
Modifying their deviant beliefs, teaching more positive approaches to situations
short term long term effects - good short term in prison but not long term (tokens don't exist in real world - not getting rewarded for good behaviour so are more likely to reoffend)
a lot of research on token economy is only effective in young offender instituations - may be specific to a certain age group of people
Anger Management
This is an adaptation of CBT
Concept is you get them to recognise triggers and develop behavioural techniques to resolves situations without violence
made up of 3 stages
cognitive preparation - talk about past events where they were aggressive and identify triggers to help the therapist identify why they are becoming aggressive
Skill acquisition - this is where they teach behavioural techniques (effective communication skills, teach relaxation techniques)
application - they will use role play when the therapist will identify the triggers and role play situations and way to deal with it in an alternative non aggressive way
A03
Treating cause and effect
implement the effects/long term treatment/life skills
cost/government funding
require professional people
Restorative Justice
2 aims
to allow the victim to come to terms with the crime
allows the offender to see the consequences of their actions
3 stage process
criminal will meet the victim - prison guards present - the victim will have a chance to ask questions and open up about personal effect - criminal has opportunity to respond
trying to focus on acceptance and accept responsibility which will encourage positive change, seen less as a punishment but an opportunity - much more active than other methods like custodial sentencing and it encourages positive outcomes for both (A03 victim seek an understanding and offender to see the repercussions of their acts)
A03
Cost efficient
relies on the victim actually wanting to take part, if its an extreme crime then it is very unlikely that the victim will care to meet with the offender, difficult to set up
unethical for the victim, if they dont get the desired outcome it could lead to them feeling worse