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Soul, Mind & Body - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Interaction problem
        
        We can say M&B are separate sure, but how do they actually interact?
        
        Only physical interacts w/physical the same way a hand pushes a domino, a mental cannot move a physical, however it does work therefore they are the same thing
- - - - P1: We have a concept of perfect justice, beauty and mathematical concepts
    - - Plato's theory of forms is an unnecessary hypothesis due to its lack of explanatory power regarding our present experiences
      - He doesn't reject the forms overall, only the idea that the forms can be seperated from things
  - - - The essence of mental substance is thinking
      - The essence of physical substance is extension - extension means to take up space, can be located or has co-ordinates
    - - Due to physicality's essence of extension, anything that is extended in space can be divided because there has to be some point along which it could be conceivably divided. The mind itself does not seem divisible however
        
        Mind can be divided into perception, memory, emotions etc, therefore both are divisible and therefore the same according to Leibniz's theorem
        
        By mind he means consciousness
        
        WHICH ACCORDING TO SCIENCE IS DIVISBLE (CORPUS CALLOSUM PATIENTS)
        ONE ARM TRIES TO EAT, ANOTHER PUSHES AWAY
        2 SEPARATE PERSONS IN ONE BODY
      - Leibniz's Law
        
        Identical things must have the same properties. The physical has the property of being divisible whilst the mind does not. If they were the same, they would be both divisible and indivisible, which is impossible
        
        Therefore mind & Body are separate
    - - P1: I have a clear and distinct idea of myself as a thinking, non-extended being
        P2: I have a clear and distinct idea of my body as a non-thinking extended thing.
        C1. These opposing properties allow us to conceive of the mind separate to and without the body.
        P3. What is conceivably separate is possibly separate.
        P4. What is possibly separate is actually non-identical.
        C2. Therefore, the mind and body are not identical.
        
        Since the mind is non-extended, it is possible to conceive of it without any extended thing, existing separately from anything physical
        
        If 2 things are actually identical then it becomes impossible to separate them, therefore because we can conceive of the mind without the body then it is possible for separation of the two
      - Masked man
        
        Arguments relying upon inferring possibility from conceivability are susceptible to this fallacy. Imagine someone heard about a masked man robbing a bank. They can conceive that it is not their father, but if it was really their father then it is impossible for it not be their father, yet that is what they conceived
        
        Therefore, we can conceive of the impossible
        
        However, there is no ignorance when it comes to knowledge of our own mind shows that we can conceive of the impossible through ignorance
        
        Neuroscience & Unconscious actions shows we ARE IGNORANT of our minds sometimes
- - - - Formal causation is beyond empirical study
        
        Bacon believed the forms existed, not that science could study them
        
        For example, science can reveal how snow is synthesised however it cannot evidence the 'whiteness' of snow
    - - BUT, if the brain is damaged, so can a person's reasoning ability, therefore it may be a physical process, not a spiritual one
  - - - The view that the soul is a real thing, separate from our body (Rejected due to lack of evidence)
      - A metaphorical idea of the soul, where the essence of our humanity lies
- - - - Imagine someone asked ‘what is the taste of blue?’. That question involves a category mistake, thinking blue belongs to the category of things which have a taste
    - - For example if someone is described as scared, what is actually being described is their inclination, their disposition, to make scared facial expressions and run away.