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Document Study Q. 4 "Significance of the Jarrow March" - Coggle…
Document Study Q. 4
"Significance of the Jarrow March"
Illustrated interwar problems in Britain, 1919-1939
Labour a new left-wing alternative to Conservatives
Empire had been stronger (e.g. Ireland)
WWI damaged Britain economically
Lloyd George's broken promise 'a land fit for heroes'
Debts to US. NYC replaced London as financial centre
Government inaction & north-south imbalance
South benefitted from new industries - cars, pharmaceuticals and electronics
Middle class grew - 1932-37: income rose 20% as cost of living fell
Increasing taxes and cutting welfare, abandoning free trade all mistakes
In the north, shipyards were closed to consolidate elsewhere
Neville Chamberlain's 'economic retrenchment' hurt the north
Showed a class divide - mistrust of workers
Over 2 million transport & dockers joined in General Strike
Conservative govt were ready; using army/police as workers
The Trade Unions Council supported it
After 9 days TUC stopped/Miners returned on worse conditions after 6 months of striking
Oil replaced coal as fuel/Miners went on strike 1926
Wall Street Crash & Great Depression led to a National Government in time of crisis
Legacy of the Welfare State
Labour government post-WWII
NHS - public services
Beveridge Report set out Welfare State
JM Keynes argued governments must take action
Peaceful protest
New respect for working classes
Jarrow's problems
Palmers Shipyard closed in 1934
Shops, transport, services - everything was affected
Labour MP 'Red Ellen' Wilkinson led response
Household Means Test made things worse - Malnutrition
80% of working population were unemployed
Govt cutting spending rather than rescuing businesses
Jarrow March
200 marchers, all men
Cross-party support
11,000 petition signatures
Supported in towns like Leeds & Sheffield
'Crusade' as a just cause
PM Stanley Baldwin 'too busy'