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Petroleum and organic compompounds - Coggle Diagram
Petroleum and organic compompounds
Petroleum: a fossil fuel
the different fossil fuel
Petroleum (crude oil)
Coal
Natural gas
how petroleum formed
by the dead organisms fell to the ocean
buried thinck sediment
hight pressures converted hem to petroleum
Natural gas formation
where
it is found with petroleum
is mainly methane
process
it is formed equal the petroium
hight temperatures and pressure caused some compounds to break down to gas
Coal formation
ancient swamps
plant dead
burial
pressure and heat slowly converted it to coal
in the petrolium we can find
complex mixture
rganic compounds
hydrocarbons
is important
because it has many application
have hight consumption
is used for tansportation 50%
16% is used for make plastic, fabrics, and more
Refining petroleum
it is fractional distillation process
heat crude oil
enter tower
cool and condense
collect fractions in trys at specifical heights
the fractions have different use
the petrolium fractions have different parameter
the boiling point
viscosity
flammability
volatility
the different use
gasoline
for car engines
fuel oil
for furnaces in ship
bitumen
for road surfaces
before the use the fractions undergo treatment
separation
purification
cracking
The alkenes
are hydrocarbons
they form a homologous series
they have the double bonds
they are called unsaturated
the alkene family
ethene, propene, but1ene
they are all flammable gases
they are made from alkanes by cracking
they are much more reactive than alkanes
alkenes undergo additin reaction
they turn an unsaturated alkene into a saturated compound
uses of alkenes
fruit ripening
plastic production
industrial importance
Alcohols
contain the OH functional group
an important alcohol is ethanol
good solvent
volatile nature
fuel propeties
disinfectant
two ways to make ethanol
chemical method
by reacting ethene with steam
biological method
by fermentation
ethanol as a fuel
ethanol burns well in oxygen, the reaction gives out plenty of heat, is used as a fuel for car
Four families of organic compounds
Alkanes
have a saturated compounds
generally unreactive
good fuels
incomplete combustion
alcholos
carboxylic acid
Alkenes
Showing molecular formulae
molecular formula shows the numbers of atoms
structural formula shows each unit in the structure
Displayed formula shows all the bonds between atms, both single and double
functional groups
a functional group us an atom or group of atoms
all the alkenes react similarly because they all have the C=C group
the functional group gives a family compounds its chemical identity and determines its properties
they are linked
alkanes
alkenes
alcohols
carboxylic acids
Alkanes as fuel
domestic heating
LPG
transportation
industrial applications
Cracking
is a way to make more use of petroleum
cracking an alkane
decane from the naphtha fraction
heat and catalyst break the molecule
creates smaller molecules inclluding alkenes
cracking process
refinery cracking units
product delivery
sulfur removal
cracking processes create a wide range of valuable production
decane a solvent used to thin oil-based
ethene is used to make polythene plastic
hydrogen is used to make ammonia
the alkenes products including pharmaceuticals and consumer goods