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Products and processes - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Plant a seed and create records-Each learner will receive a seed (bean or sunflower seed) to plant in a container. the learners will observe as well as report the changes and findings that take place as the seeds grows. they write simple notes or draw their findings. (Council, 2006)
    - - Responsibility & patience- The learners will be caring for the plans daily (giving the the plants water and ensuring it has sunlight) this practice responsibility. The learners learn patience through waiting a days or week for the plants to see the results of their efforts. (UNESCO, 2017)
    - - Observation & records- The learners will develop observation skills by watching the plants grow over period of time. The learners will record their findings by using a picture, drawings and simple written notes. this improve fine motor skills, visual literacy, and early scientific inquiry (Department of Basic Education, 2011)
    - - This activity is a hand on activity where the foundation phase learners plant and take care for a seed. the learners will observe the growth of the seed and this develop skills like observation and taking records and they also learn values such as patience and responsibility. The activity support learning in life skills, natural science, language and helps children connect with the nature in a engaging way.
  - - - Respect & empathy- The theme of this topic encourages learners to develop a respect of Mother Earth, also have an understanding for caring for living all living things and spaces. This encourages responsibility, sustainability and empathy in learners. (UNESCO,2017)
    - - Environmental Awareness & Critical Thinking- Learners begin to grasp an understanding of environmental awareness and by identifying the consequences of people's actions in the environment such as littering and pollution and how these actions have an effect on nature. Learners apply their critical thinking skills to suggest more eco friendly solution to these problems. (Department of Basic Education, 2011)
    - - Nature Walk And Clean up Day - Learners go on a field trip in and around the school, where they pick up litter and clean up their area of education. The following day the group or the individual classes can have a discussion on how littering impacts the environment and nature, causing harm to living things. Learners can draw pictures on what a clean and dirty environment is and solutions how to fix this problem This activity integrates learning with the environment as well as Life Skills, Language, and Art (Department of Basic Education, 2011)
    - - Humankind's activities can have a positive or negative effect on the Earth's ecosystem. When people litter, pollute, or cut down trees, it can negatively impact habitats of animals and plant species. This makes it almost impossible for nature to function positively. Sanctions such as recycling, planting trees, filtering water, and picking up litter can assist Earth to return to "normal"
- - - - Appreciation for Innovation and Human Effort
        The values that the learners obtain in this lesson is that with innovation, basic human needs are fulfilled. Learners gain a new found respect for workers on farms, engineers and local/international factory workers.(UNESCO, 2017).
    - - Understand the Technological Processes-Learners develop a deeper understanding on how natural materials like sugar cane are changed through the human-designed processes. This introduces the collaboration between humans and machines.(Department of Basic Education, 2011).
    - - Technology Process Poster "How Sugar is Made"-The teacher can show a short video on the process of how sugar is made. The teacher can instigate a class discussion on the steps that are taken to obtain the finished product. Learners can create a poster with labels where they outline the technological process. Learners can also identify which machinery is used in this process(e.g. truck, cutter, crusher). This integrates Life Skills, Technology, and Language. (www.youtube.com, n.d.)
    - - Sugarcane grows on a farm and is harvested when ready, these stalks are collected by working and cut into pieces and then transported to a factory where they are crushed. Machines are used to extract the juice from inside. once the water has evaporated, the syrup that is left behind will begin to crystalize almost instantly. The sugar is then ready for distribution and reselling. This process is a demonstration on how machinery is used to transform raw materials into finished products. (www.youtube.com, n.d.).
  - - - Clay-to-Brick Sequencing and Modelling
        Learners watch a short video on the process of how bricks are manufactured. The learners will then be required to rely on their processing skills and use pre-cut images or drawings to sequence the events. The learners will then use clay/playdough to model their own bricks and leave to dry
        This activity enhances hands on learning in a meaningful and productive manner. (Department of Basic Education, 2011)
    - - Respect for Natural Resources and Human Effort
        Learners are encouraged to appreciate the use of natural materials and the people that work with these materials daily like builders or engineers. This teaches learners the values of gratitude, environmental and community awareness (UNESCO, 2017).
    - - Digging Clay – Clay is dug out from the ground. Mixed and moulded – The clay is mixed with water and using special moulds in the shape of rectangular bricks. The bricks are left to airdry or in the sun and is then put into an oven to dry out completely. The bricks are then left to cool down and ready for distribution to their destinations. (SAHRA2019, n.d.)
    - - Understanding Material Processing and Sequencing
        Learners will develop the abilities to have a better understanding on how raw material can be transformed into a useful product. This promotes a technological awareness and learners' sequencing in early learning. (Department of Basic Education, 2011).
- - - - respect for the environment -Teaching about the earth’s natural resources fosters a certain type of respect for the environment and instils a responsibility on the use and conservation of these resources. Young learners learn the importance of caring for the planet to ensure these sources remain available at all times.
    - - The earth provides humans with many essential resources including soil for growing plants, minerals used in technology and the building sector, water for drinking and irrigation purposes. These resources are extremely important for human survival, and having a sound understanding of them helps young learners appreciate the earth’s role in sustaining human life (Science Kids, 2025
    - - observation and categorisation -Foundation Phase learners develop their observation and categorisation skills by exploring natural resources around them, such as soil, minerals, rocks etc. This encourages scientific inquiry as they improve the ability to identify and sort materials based on their properties. (Twinkl, 2025).
    - - Earth Resource Exploration- A practical classroom activity is “Earth Resource Exploration.” where learners explore their playground to collect samples of soil, small rocks, and other items. The learners will observe and describe the properties, and have a discussion how use these resources can be used. This hands-on experience strengthens observation skills and encourages curiosity about the natural world.
  - - - respect & appreciation-*Teaching about plants builds appreciation and respect for nature. Learners gain and understanding how plants play an active role to sustain life and create an environmental awareness. Teaching about plants helps nurture respect for the environment and responsibility for living things. Learners understand that plants are vital for human survival, and fostering the correct attitude of care and protection for nature. (Cosette Larash, 2017)
    - - observe & classification- In the Foundation Phase, learners build specific scientific skills such as observing, identifying, and classifying. Plants and their products is an engaging topic that can fully develop this skill. By engaging with real plants or images, children learn to distinguish different parts of the plant (roots, stems, leaves, fruits) and group plant products together based on their properties. Twinkl, 2025).
    - - Plant Product Collage- A fun and educational activity for Foundation Phase learners is creating a “Plant Product Collage.” Children collect pictures or small items that come from plants—such as fruits, vegetables, leaves, pieces of fabric,—and glue them onto a large poster. As the learners work, they will have discussions where each item comes from and how plants play a role in society. This hands-on activity encourages observation, classification, and communication skills, whilst at the same having fun and realizing the importance of not taking these items or our South African plants for granted.
    - - Plants provide a variety of essential resources that support human sustainability. They supply food such as fruits, vegetables, material. Through the process of photosynthesis, plants produce oxygen, which is vital for human breathing. Textiles from plants, such as cotton, are important for making clothes. Furthermore, many medicines and herbal remedies come from plants. Understanding that plants are much more diverse helps young children appreciate the crucial role plants play in sustaining life and health on Earth. (Science Kids, 2025).